在前面一节,我们利用 resilience4j 粘合了 OpenFeign 实现了断路器、重试以及线程隔离,并使用了新的负载均衡算法优化了业务激增时的负载均衡算法表现。这一节,我们开始编写单元测试验证这些功能的正确性,以便于日后升级依赖,修改的时候能保证正确性。同时,通过单元测试,我们更能深入理解 Spring Cloud。
验证重试配置
对于我们实现的重试,我们需要验证:
- 验证配置正确加载:即我们在 Spring 配置(例如
application.yml
)中的加入的 Resilience4j 的配置被正确加载应用了。 - 验证针对 ConnectTimeout 重试正确:FeignClient 可以配置 ConnectTimeout 连接超时时间,如果连接超时会有连接超时异常抛出,对于这种异常无论什么请求都应该重试,因为请求并没有发出。
- 验证针对断路器异常的重试正确:断路器是微服务实例方法级别的,如果抛出断路器打开异常,应该直接重试下一个实例。
- 验证针对限流器异常的重试正确:当某个实例线程隔离满了的时候,抛出线程限流异常应该直接重试下一个实例。
- 验证针对非 2xx 响应码可重试的方法重试正确
- 验证针对非 2xx 响应码不可重试的方法没有重试
- 验证针对可重试的方法响应超时异常重试正确:FeignClient 可以配置 ReadTimeout 即响应超时,如果方法可以重试,则需要重试。
- 验证针对不可重试的方法响应超时异常不能重试:FeignClient 可以配置 ReadTimeout 即响应超时,如果方法不可以重试,则不能重试。
验证配置正确加载
我们可以定义不同的 FeignClient,之后检查 resilience4j 加载的重试配置来验证重试配置的正确加载。
首先定义两个 FeignClient,微服务分别是 testService1 和 testService2,contextId 分别是 testService1Client 和 testService2Client
@FeignClient(name = "testService1", contextId = "testService1Client")
public interface TestService1Client {
@GetMapping("/anything")
HttpBinAnythingResponse anything();
}
@FeignClient(name = "testService2", contextId = "testService2Client")
public interface TestService2Client {
@GetMapping("/anything")
HttpBinAnythingResponse anything();
}
然后,我们增加 Spring 配置,使用 SpringExtension 编写单元测试类:
//SpringExtension也包含了 Mockito 相关的 Extension,所以 @Mock 等注解也生效了
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest(properties = {
//默认请求重试次数为 3
"resilience4j.retry.configs.default.maxAttempts=3",
// testService2Client 里面的所有方法请求重试次数为 2
"resilience4j.retry.configs.testService2Client.maxAttempts=2",
})
@Log4j2
public class OpenFeignClientTest {
@SpringBootApplication
@Configuration
public static class App {
}
}
编写测试代码,验证配置加载正确性:
@Test
public void testConfigureRetry() {
//读取所有的 Retry
List<Retry> retries = retryRegistry.getAllRetries().asJava();
//验证其中的配置是否符合我们填写的配置
Map<String, Retry> retryMap = retries.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Retry::getName, v -> v));
//我们初始化 Retry 的时候,使用 FeignClient 的 ContextId 作为了 Retry 的 Name
Retry retry = retryMap.get("testService1Client");
//验证 Retry 配置存在
Assertions.assertNotNull(retry);
//验证 Retry 配置符合我们的配置
Assertions.assertEquals(retry.getRetryConfig().getMaxAttempts(), 3);
retry = retryMap.get("testService2Client");
//验证 Retry 配置存在
Assertions.assertNotNull(retry);
//验证 Retry 配置符合我们的配置
Assertions.assertEquals(retry.getRetryConfig().getMaxAttempts(), 2);
}
验证针对 ConnectTimeout 重试正确
我们可以通过针对一个微服务注册两个实例,一个实例是连接不上的,另一个实例是可以正常连接的,无论怎么调用 FeignClient,请求都不会失败,来验证重试是否生效。我们使用 HTTP 测试网站来测试,即 http://httpbin.org 。这个网站的 api 可以用来模拟各种调用。其中 /status/{status}
就是将发送的请求原封不动的在响应中返回。在单元测试中,我们不会单独部署一个注册中心,而是直接 Mock spring cloud 中服务发现的核心接口 DiscoveryClient,并且将我们 Eureka 的服务发现以及注册通过配置都关闭,即:
//SpringExtension也包含了 Mockito 相关的 Extension,所以 @Mock 等注解也生效了
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest(properties = {
//关闭 eureka client
"eureka.client.enabled=false",
//默认请求重试次数为 3
"resilience4j.retry.configs.default.maxAttempts=3"
})
@Log4j2
public class OpenFeignClientTest {
@SpringBootApplication
@Configuration
public static class App {
@Bean
public DiscoveryClient discoveryClient() {
//模拟两个服务实例
ServiceInstance service1Instance1 = Mockito.spy(ServiceInstance.class);
ServiceInstance service1Instance4 = Mockito.spy(ServiceInstance.class);
Map<String, String> zone1 = Map.ofEntries(
Map.entry("zone", "zone1")
);
when(service1Instance1.getMetadata()).thenReturn(zone1);
when(service1Instance1.getInstanceId()).thenReturn("service1Instance1");
when(service1Instance1.getHost()).thenReturn("httpbin.org");
when(service1Instance1.getPort()).thenReturn(80);
when(service1Instance4.getInstanceId()).thenReturn("service1Instance4");
when(service1Instance4.getHost()).thenReturn("www.httpbin.org");
//这个port连不上,测试 IOException
when(service1Instance4.getPort()).thenReturn(18080);
DiscoveryClient spy = Mockito.spy(DiscoveryClient.class);
//微服务 testService3 有两个实例即 service1Instance1 和 service1Instance4
Mockito.when(spy.getInstances("testService3"))
.thenReturn(List.of(service1Instance1, service1Instance4));
return spy;
}
}
}
编写 FeignClient:
@FeignClient(name = "testService3", contextId = "testService3Client")
public interface TestService3Client {
@PostMapping("/anything")
HttpBinAnythingResponse anything();
}
调用 TestService3Client 的 anything
方法,验证是否有重试:
@SpyBean
private TestService3Client testService3Client;
/**
* 验证对于有不正常实例(正在关闭的实例,会 connect timeout)请求是否正常重试
*/
@Test
public void testIOExceptionRetry() {
//防止断路器影响
circuitBreakerRegistry.getAllCircuitBreakers().asJava().forEach(CircuitBreaker::reset);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
Span span = tracer.nextSpan();
try (Tracer.SpanInScope cleared = tracer.withSpanInScope(span)) {
//不抛出异常,则正常重试了
testService3Client.anything();
testService3Client.anything();
}
}
}
这里强调一点,由于我们在这个类中还会测试其他异常,以及断路器,我们需要避免这些测试一起执行的时候,断路器打开了,所以我们在所有测试调用 FeignClient 的方法开头,清空所有断路器的数据,通过:
circuitBreakerRegistry.getAllCircuitBreakers().asJava().forEach(CircuitBreaker::reset);
并且通过日志中可以看出由于 connect timeout 进行重试:
call url: POST -> http://www.httpbin.org:18080/anything, ThreadPoolStats(testService3Client:www.httpbin.org:18080): {"coreThreadPoolSize":10,"maximumThreadPoolSize":10,"queueCapacity":100,"queueDepth":0,"remainingQueueCapacity":100,"threadPoolSize":1}, CircuitBreakStats(testService3Client:www.httpbin.org:18080:public abstract com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.HttpBinAnythingResponse com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.OpenFeignClientTest$TestService3Client.anything()): {"failureRate":-1.0,"numberOfBufferedCalls":0,"numberOfFailedCalls":0,"numberOfNotPermittedCalls":0,"numberOfSlowCalls":0,"numberOfSlowFailedCalls":0,"numberOfSlowSuccessfulCalls":0,"numberOfSuccessfulCalls":0,"slowCallRate":-1.0}
TestService3Client#anything() response: 582-Connect to www.httpbin.org:18080 [www.httpbin.org/34.192.79.103, www.httpbin.org/18.232.227.86, www.httpbin.org/3.216.167.140, www.httpbin.org/54.156.165.4] failed: Connect timed out, should retry: true
call url: POST -> http://httpbin.org:80/anything, ThreadPoolStats(testService3Client:httpbin.org:80): {"coreThreadPoolSize":10,"maximumThreadPoolSize":10,"queueCapacity":100,"queueDepth":0,"remainingQueueCapacity":100,"threadPoolSize":1}, CircuitBreakStats(testService3Client:httpbin.org:80:public abstract com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.HttpBinAnythingResponse com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.OpenFeignClientTest$TestService3Client.anything()): {"failureRate":-1.0,"numberOfBufferedCalls":0,"numberOfFailedCalls":0,"numberOfNotPermittedCalls":0,"numberOfSlowCalls":0,"numberOfSlowFailedCalls":0,"numberOfSlowSuccessfulCalls":0,"numberOfSuccessfulCalls":0,"slowCallRate":-1.0}
response: 200 - OK
验证针对断路器异常的重试正确
通过系列前面的源码分析,我们知道 spring-cloud-openfeign 的 FeignClient 其实是懒加载的。所以我们实现的断路器也是懒加载的,需要先调用,之后才会初始化断路器。所以这里如果我们要模拟断路器打开的异常,需要先手动读取载入断路器,之后才能获取对应方法的断路器,修改状态。
我们先定义一个 FeignClient:
@FeignClient(name = "testService1", contextId = "testService1Client")
public interface TestService1Client {
@GetMapping("/anything")
HttpBinAnythingResponse anything();
}
使用前面同样的方式,给这个微服务添加实例:
//SpringExtension也包含了 Mockito 相关的 Extension,所以 @Mock 等注解也生效了
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest(properties = {
//关闭 eureka client
"eureka.client.enabled=false",
//默认请求重试次数为 3
"resilience4j.retry.configs.default.maxAttempts=3",
//增加断路器配置
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.failureRateThreshold=50",
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.slidingWindowType=COUNT_BASED",
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.slidingWindowSize=5",
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.minimumNumberOfCalls=2",
})
@Log4j2
public class OpenFeignClientTest {
@SpringBootApplication
@Configuration
public static class App {
@Bean
public DiscoveryClient discoveryClient() {
//模拟两个服务实例
ServiceInstance service1Instance1 = Mockito.spy(ServiceInstance.class);
ServiceInstance service1Instance3 = Mockito.spy(ServiceInstance.class);
Map<String, String> zone1 = Map.ofEntries(
Map.entry("zone", "zone1")
);
when(service1Instance1.getMetadata()).thenReturn(zone1);
when(service1Instance1.getInstanceId()).thenReturn("service1Instance1");
when(service1Instance1.getHost()).thenReturn("httpbin.org");
when(service1Instance1.getPort()).thenReturn(80);
when(service1Instance3.getMetadata()).thenReturn(zone1);
when(service1Instance3.getInstanceId()).thenReturn("service1Instance3");
//这其实就是 httpbin.org ,为了和第一个实例进行区分加上 www
when(service1Instance3.getHost()).thenReturn("www.httpbin.org");
DiscoveryClient spy = Mockito.spy(DiscoveryClient.class);
//微服务 testService3 有两个实例即 service1Instance1 和 service1Instance4
Mockito.when(spy.getInstances("testService1"))
.thenReturn(List.of(service1Instance1, service1Instance3));
return spy;
}
}
}
然后,编写测试代码:
@Test
public void testRetryOnCircuitBreakerException() {
//防止断路器影响
circuitBreakerRegistry.getAllCircuitBreakers().asJava().forEach(CircuitBreaker::reset);
CircuitBreaker testService1ClientInstance1Anything;
try {
testService1ClientInstance1Anything = circuitBreakerRegistry
.circuitBreaker("testService1Client:httpbin.org:80:public abstract com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.HttpBinAnythingResponse com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.OpenFeignClientTest$TestService1Client.anything()", "testService1Client");
} catch (ConfigurationNotFoundException e) {
//找不到就用默认配置
testService1ClientInstance1Anything = circuitBreakerRegistry
.circuitBreaker("testService1Client:httpbin.org:80:public abstract com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.HttpBinAnythingResponse com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.OpenFeignClientTest$TestService1Client.anything()");
}
//将断路器打开
testService1ClientInstance1Anything.transitionToOpenState();
//调用多次,调用成功即对断路器异常重试了
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
this.testService1Client.anything();
}
}
运行测试,日志中可以看出,针对断路器打开的异常进行重试了:
2021-11-13 03:40:13.546 INFO [,,] 4388 --- [ main] c.g.j.s.c.w.f.DefaultErrorDecoder : TestService1Client#anything() response: 581-CircuitBreaker 'testService1Client:httpbin.org:80:public abstract com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.HttpBinAnythingResponse com.github.jojotech.spring.cloud.webmvc.test.feign.OpenFeignClientTest$TestService1Client.anything()' is OPEN and does not permit further calls, should retry: true
验证针对限流器异常的重试正确
通过系列前面的源码分析,我们知道 spring-cloud-openfeign 的 FeignClient 其实是懒加载的。所以我们实现的断路器也是懒加载的,需要先调用,之后才会初始化线程隔离。所以这里如果我们要模拟线程隔离满的异常,需要先手动读取载入线程隔离,之后才能获取对应实例的线程隔离,将线程池填充满。
我们先定义一个 FeignClient:
@FeignClient(name = "testService1", contextId = "testService1Client")
public interface TestService1Client {
@GetMapping("/anything")
HttpBinAnythingResponse anything();
}
使用前面同样的方式,给这个微服务添加实例:
//SpringExtension也包含了 Mockito 相关的 Extension,所以 @Mock 等注解也生效了
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest(properties = {
//关闭 eureka client
"eureka.client.enabled=false",
//默认请求重试次数为 3
"resilience4j.retry.configs.default.maxAttempts=3",
//增加断路器配置
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.failureRateThreshold=50",
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.slidingWindowType=COUNT_BASED",
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.slidingWindowSize=5",
"resilience4j.circuitbreaker.configs.default.minimumNumberOfCalls=2",
})
@Log4j2
public class OpenFeignClientTest {
@SpringBootApplication
@Configuration
public static class App {
@Bean
public DiscoveryClient discoveryClient() {
//模拟两个服务实例
ServiceInstance service1Instance1 = Mockito.spy(ServiceInstance.class);
ServiceInstance service1Instance3 = Mockito.spy(ServiceInstance.class);
Map<String, String> zone1 = Map.ofEntries(
Map.entry("zone", "zone1")
);
when(service1Instance1.getMetadata()).thenReturn(zone1);
when(service1Instance1.getInstanceId()).thenReturn("service1Instance1");
when(service1Instance1.getHost()).thenReturn("httpbin.org");
when(service1Instance1.getPort()).thenReturn(80);
when(service1Instance3.getMetadata()).thenReturn(zone1);
when(service1Instance3.getInstanceId()).thenReturn("service1Instance3");
//这其实就是 httpbin.org ,为了和第一个实例进行区分加上 www
when(service1Instance3.getHost()).thenReturn("www.httpbin.org");
DiscoveryClient spy = Mockito.spy(DiscoveryClient.class);
//微服务 testService3 有两个实例即 service1Instance1 和 service1Instance4
Mockito.when(spy.getInstances("testService1"))
.thenReturn(List.of(service1Instance1, service1Instance3));
return spy;
}
}
}
然后,编写测试代码:
@Test
public void testRetryOnBulkheadException() {
//防止断路器影响
circuitBreakerRegistry.getAllCircuitBreakers().asJava().forEach(CircuitBreaker::reset);
this.testService1Client.anything();
ThreadPoolBulkhead threadPoolBulkhead;
try {
threadPoolBulkhead = threadPoolBulkheadRegistry
.bulkhead("testService1Client:httpbin.org:80", "testService1Client");
} catch (ConfigurationNotFoundException e) {
//找不到就用默认配置
threadPoolBulkhead = threadPoolBulkheadRegistry
.bulkhead("testService1Client:httpbin.org:80");
}
//线程队列我们配置的是 1,线程池大小是 10,这样会将线程池填充满
for (int i = 0; i < 10 + 1; i++) {
threadPoolBulkhead.submit(() -> {
try {
//这样任务永远不会结束了
Thread.currentThread().join();
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
//调用多次,调用成功即对断路器异常重试了
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
this.testService1Client.anything();
}
}
运行测试,日志中可以看出,针对线程池满的异常进行重试了:
2021-11-13 03:35:16.371 INFO [,,] 3824 --- [ main] c.g.j.s.c.w.f.DefaultErrorDecoder : TestService1Client#anything() response: 584-Bulkhead 'testService1Client:httpbin.org:80' is full and does not permit further calls, should retry: true
验证针对非 2xx 响应码可重试的方法重试正确
我们通过使用 http.bin 的 /status/{statusCode}
接口,这个接口会根据路径参数 statusCode
返回对应状态码的响应:
@FeignClient(name = "testService1", contextId = "testService1Client")
public interface TestService1Client {
@GetMapping("/status/500")
String testGetRetryStatus500();
}
我们如何感知被重试三次呢?每次调用,就会从负载均衡器获取一个服务实例。在负载均衡器代码中,我们使用了根据当前 sleuth 的上下文的 traceId 的缓存,每次调用,traceId 对应的 position 值就会加 1。我们可以通过观察这个值的变化获取到究竟本次请求调用了几次负载均衡器,也就是做了几次调用。
编写测试:
@Test
public void testNon2xxRetry() {
Span span = tracer.nextSpan();
try (Tracer.SpanInScope cleared = tracer.withSpanInScope(span)) {
//防止断路器影响
circuitBreakerRegistry.getAllCircuitBreakers().asJava().forEach(CircuitBreaker::reset);
long l = span.context().traceId();
RoundRobinWithRequestSeparatedPositionLoadBalancer loadBalancerClientFactoryInstance
= (RoundRobinWithRequestSeparatedPositionLoadBalancer) loadBalancerClientFactory.getInstance("testService1");
AtomicInteger atomicInteger = loadBalancerClientFactoryInstance.getPositionCache().get(l);
int start = atomicInteger.get();
try {
//get 方法会重试
testService1Client.testGetRetryStatus500();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//因为每次调用都会失败,所以会重试配置的 3 次
Assertions.assertEquals(3, atomicInteger.get() - start);
}
}
验证针对非 2xx 响应码不可重试的方法没有重试
我们通过使用 http.bin 的 /status/{statusCode}
接口,这个接口会根据路径参数 statusCode
返回对应状态码的响应,并且支持各种 HTTP 请求方式:
@FeignClient(name = "testService1", contextId = "testService1Client")
public interface TestService1Client {
@PostMapping("/status/500")
String testPostRetryStatus500();
}
默认情况下,我们只会对 GET 方法重试,对于其他 HTTP 请求方法,是不会重试的:
@Test
public void testNon2xxRetry() {
Span span = tracer.nextSpan();
try (Tracer.SpanInScope cleared = tracer.withSpanInScope(span)) {
//防止断路器影响
circuitBreakerRegistry.getAllCircuitBreakers().asJava().forEach(CircuitBreaker::reset);
long l = span.context().traceId();
RoundRobinWithRequestSeparatedPositionLoadBalancer loadBalancerClientFactoryInstance
= (RoundRobinWithRequestSeparatedPositionLoadBalancer) loadBalancerClientFactory.getInstance("testService1");
AtomicInteger atomicInteger = loadBalancerClientFactoryInstance.getPositionCache().get(l);
int start = atomicInteger.get();
try {
//post 方法不会重试
testService1Client.testPostRetryStatus500();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//不会重试,因此只会被调用 1 次
Assertions.assertEquals(1, atomicInteger.get() - start);
}
}
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