本文分享自天翼云开发者社区《chrony时间同步软件介绍》，作者：刘****苏
chrony是网络时间协议NTP的通用实现，它可以将系统时钟和`NTP服务器同步。它支持在各种条件下包括间歇性的网络连接、严重阻塞的网络、不断变化的温度以及支持不连续的运行并且可以运行于虚机上。
本文介绍chrony工具的安装和使用，包括两个节点：一个作为时间服务器，另一个作为客户端。
执行如下命令来安装chrony：
``` [root@kvm ~]# yum install chrony [root@kvm ~]# rpm -ql chrony /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/20-chrony-dhcp /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/20-chrony-onoffline /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.keys /etc/dhcp/dhclient.d/chrony.sh /etc/logrotate.d/chrony /etc/sysconfig/chronyd /usr/bin/chronyc /usr/lib/.build-id /usr/lib/.build-id/38 /usr/lib/.build-id/38/1d3a324ce66865ba879dfa43d49e0e0c1e2c41 /usr/lib/.build-id/43 /usr/lib/.build-id/43/444c816fcf0802c43011f282afaf9feded4c56 /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/50-chronyd.list /usr/lib/systemd/system/chrony-dnssrv@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/chrony-dnssrv@.timer /usr/lib/systemd/system/chrony-wait.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service /usr/libexec/chrony-helper /usr/sbin/chronyd /usr/share/doc/chrony /usr/share/doc/chrony/FAQ /usr/share/doc/chrony/NEWS /usr/share/doc/chrony/README /usr/share/doc/chrony/ntp2chrony.py /usr/share/licenses/chrony /usr/share/licenses/chrony/COPYING /usr/share/man/man1/chronyc.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/chrony.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/chronyd.8.gz /var/lib/chrony /var/lib/chrony/drift /var/lib/chrony/rtc /var/log/chrony
如下所示为配置文件：[root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/chrony.conf pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
Record the rate at which the system clock gains/losses time.
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
Allow the system clock to be stepped in the first three updates
if its offset is larger than 1 second.
makestep 1.0 3
Enable kernel synchronization of the real-time clock (RTC).
rtcsync
Enable hardware timestamping on all interfaces that support it.
#hwtimestamp *
Increase the minimum number of selectable sources required to adjust
the system clock.
#minsources 2
Allow NTP client access from local network.
allow 0/0
Serve time even if not synchronized to a time source.
local stratum 10
Specify file containing keys for NTP authentication.
keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
Get TAI-UTC offset and leap seconds from the system tz database.
leapsectz right/UTC
Specify directory for log files.
logdir /var/log/chrony
Select which information is logged.
#log measurements statistics tracking
其中：
pool：为外部时钟源地址
rtcsync：开启硬件时钟的同步机制，linux内核每11分钟同步一次系统时钟到硬件时钟
local stratum 10：当外部时钟源不可用的时候，以本机时钟为准继续提供服务
allow 0/0：允许的客户端的cidr
启动服务后查看状态：[root@kvm ]# systemctl start chronyd
[root@kvm ~]#
[root@kvm ~]#
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2023-09-08 19:02:50 CST; 2min 43s left
Docs: man:chronyd(8)
man:chrony.conf(5)
Process: 11542 ExecStopPost=/usr/libexec/chrony-helper remove-daemon-state (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 11552 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/chrony-helper update-daemon (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 11547 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/chronyd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 11550 (chronyd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 52427)
Memory: 924.0K
CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
└─11550 /usr/sbin/chronyd
Sep 08 19:02:50 kvm chronyd[11550]: chronyd version 4.2 starting (+CMDMON +NTP +REFCLOCK +RTC +PRIVDROP +SCFILTER +SIGND +ASYNCDNS +NTS +SECHASH +IPV6 +DEBUG)
Sep 08 19:02:50 kvm chronyd[11550]: Frequency 1.633 +/- 0.046 ppm read from /var/lib/chrony/drift
Sep 08 19:02:50 kvm chronyd[11550]: Using right/UTC timezone to obtain leap second data
Sep 08 19:02:50 kvm systemd[1]: Started NTP client/server.
Sep 08 19:02:55 kvm chronyd[11550]: Selected source 36.110.233.85 (2.centos.pool.ntp.org)
Sep 08 19:02:55 kvm chronyd[11550]: System clock wrong by -791.549636 seconds
Sep 08 18:49:44 kvm chronyd[11550]: System clock was stepped by -791.549636 seconds
Sep 08 18:49:44 kvm chronyd[11550]: System clock TAI offset set to 37 seconds
Sep 08 18:50:49 kvm chronyd[11550]: Selected source 119.28.206.193 (2.centos.pool.ntp.org)
Sep 08 18:54:07 kvm chronyd[11550]: Source 81.16.177.123 replaced with 78.46.102.180 (2.centos.pool.ntp.org)
[root@kvm ~]#
[root@kvm ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep chrony
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* 11550/chronyd
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 11550/chronyd
udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 11550/chronyd
[root@kvm ~]#
[root@kvm ~]# chronyc sources -v
.-- Source mode '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
/ .- Source state '*' = current best, '+' = combined, '-' = not combined,
| / 'x' = may be in error, '' = too variable, '?' = unusable.
|| .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
|| Reachability register (octal) -. | xxxx = adjusted offset,
|| Log2(Polling interval) --. | | yyyy = measured offset,
|| \ | | zzzz = estimated error.
|| | |
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^- 79.133.44.136 1 6 377 56 -10ms[ -10ms] +/- 138ms
^- electrode.felixc.at 2 6 33 55 +17ms[ +17ms] +/- 119ms
^* 119.28.206.193 2 6 377 60 +1706us[+2327us] +/- 40ms
^+ 36.110.233.85 2 6 377 58 -1324us[-1324us] +/- 68ms
chrony守护进程监听在udp协议的123和323端口。
客户端节点上安装好chrony后，修改配置文件如下所示：[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/chrony.conf server 172.24.21.221 iburst
Record the rate at which the system clock gains/losses time.
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
Allow the system clock to be stepped in the first three updates
if its offset is larger than 1 second.
makestep 3600 3
Enable kernel synchronization of the real-time clock (RTC).
rtcsync
Enable hardware timestamping on all interfaces that support it.
#hwtimestamp *
Increase the minimum number of selectable sources required to adjust
the system clock.
#minsources 2
Allow NTP client access from local network.
#allow 192.168.0.0/16
Serve time even if not synchronized to a time source.
#local stratum 10
Specify file containing keys for NTP authentication.
#keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
Specify directory for log files.
logdir /var/log/chrony
Select which information is logged.
#log measurements statistics tracking
查看状态：[root@node1 ]# chronyc sources -v
210 Number of sources = 1
.-- Source mode '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
/ .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined,
| / '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '' = time too variable.
|| .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
|| Reachability register (octal) -. | xxxx = adjusted offset,
|| Log2(Polling interval) --. | | yyyy = measured offset,
|| \ | | zzzz = estimated error.
|| | |
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^* 172.24.21.221 3 6 377 37 -7753ns[ +140us] +/- 29ms
``` chrony默认是采用连续同步的方式来同步时钟的，并非采用跳变的方式。
