13.4 mysql用户管理 13.5 常用sql语句 13.6 mysql数据库备份恢复

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13.4 MySQL用户管理

创建用户并授权

指定登录IP

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 17
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456a';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#创建user1用户并授予其所有权限“ *.* ”（通配符）
#第一个*表示db_name(库名)；第二个*表示tb_name
#同时指定其来源IP127.0.0.1（即，只可通过此IP登录）
#此处可以使用通配符%，代表所有IP（一般不使用）
#设定密码：identified by

mysql> quit
Bye

 指定登录IP

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456a
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user1'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
需要指定登录IP


[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456a -h127.0.0.1
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 19
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 使用socket登录

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uroot -pchampin
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 20
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'localhost' identified by '123456a';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

使用socket登录 

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456a
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

说明： 因为指定登录主机为localhost，所以该用户默认使用（监听）本地mysql.socket文件，不需要指定IP即可登录。

查看用户指定授权 

#查看当前用户的权限
mysql> show grants;
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost                                                                                                              |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*EA348E6706D3952A7AA87EBB997CDF3629E22834' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION                                                                           |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)



#查看指定用户的权限
mysql> show grants for user1@'127.0.0.1';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for user1@127.0.0.1                                                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*B012E8731FF1DF44F3D8B26837708985278C3CED' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

##创建user2用户，并授予其针对db1库SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT权限
mysql>  grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'user2'@'192.168.133.1' identified by 'passwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  


mysql> show grants for user2@192.168.133.1;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for user2@192.168.133.1                                                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.133.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*59C70DA2F3E3A5BDF46B68F5C8B8F25762BCCEF0' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.133.1'                                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#如果发现Ip输错了，需要更改ip，可直接复制show grants里面的内容，方法如下

mysql> GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.230.135' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*59C70DA2F3E3A5BDF46B68F5C8B8F25762BCCEF0';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.230.135';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for user2@'192.168.230.135';
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for user2@192.168.230.135                                                                                   |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.230.135' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*59C70DA2F3E3A5BDF46B68F5C8B8F25762BCCEF0' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'user2'@'192.168.230.135'                                               |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

13.5 常用sql语句

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uroot -pchampin
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 23
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

#选择使用库
mysql> use db1
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

#查看指定库的内容的行数
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|       10 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#查看库的所有内容（不加大G会比较乱）
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Host: %
                   Db: test
                 User: 
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: Y
          Create_priv: Y
            Drop_priv: Y
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: Y
           Index_priv: Y
           Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
     Lock_tables_priv: Y
     Create_view_priv: Y
       Show_view_priv: Y
  Create_routine_priv: Y
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: Y
         Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                 Host: %
                   Db: test\_%
                 User: 
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: Y
          Create_priv: Y
            Drop_priv: Y
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: Y
           Index_priv: Y
           Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
     Lock_tables_priv: Y
     Create_view_priv: Y
       Show_view_priv: Y
  Create_routine_priv: Y
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: Y
         Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 3. row ***************************
                 Host: 192.168.133.1
                   Db: db1
                 User: user2
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: N
          Create_priv: N
            Drop_priv: N
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: N
           Index_priv: N
           Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
     Lock_tables_priv: N
     Create_view_priv: N
       Show_view_priv: N
  Create_routine_priv: N
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: N
         Trigger_priv: N
*************************** 4. row ***************************
                 Host: 192.168.230.135
                   Db: db1
                 User: user2
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: N
          Create_priv: N
            Drop_priv: N
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: N
           Index_priv: N
           Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
     Lock_tables_priv: N
     Create_view_priv: N
       Show_view_priv: N
  Create_routine_priv: N
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: N
         Trigger_priv: N
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

#查看库指定内容
mysql> select db from mysql.db;
+---------+
| db      |
+---------+
| test    |
| test\_% |
| db1     |
| db1     |
+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select db,user from mysql.db;
+---------+-------+
| db      | user  |
+---------+-------+
| test    |       |
| test\_% |       |
| db1     | user2 |
| db1     | user2 |
+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#查看某些IP对应的库内容，like表示模糊匹配
mysql> select *from mysql.db where host like '192.168.%'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Host: 192.168.133.1
                   Db: db1
                 User: user2
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: N
          Create_priv: N
            Drop_priv: N
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: N
           Index_priv: N
           Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
     Lock_tables_priv: N
     Create_view_priv: N
       Show_view_priv: N
  Create_routine_priv: N
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: N
         Trigger_priv: N
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                 Host: 192.168.230.135
                   Db: db1
                 User: user2
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: N
          Create_priv: N
            Drop_priv: N
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: N
           Index_priv: N
           Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
     Lock_tables_priv: N
     Create_view_priv: N
       Show_view_priv: N
  Create_routine_priv: N
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: N
         Trigger_priv: N
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified


#在db1库下创建表t1
mysql> desc db1.t1;  
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | char(40) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)   #查看表中信息：空表

mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, 'abc');   #在db1库下创建表t1
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | abc  |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


#更改表中指定内容
mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | aaa  |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#删除表中指定内容
mysql> delete from db1.t1 where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

#再插入一条   可以反复的更改表中指定内容
mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, '234');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | 234  |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#清空一个表中内容（仅仅是清空表里面的内容，表结构还存在）
mysql> truncate db1.t1;     
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> desc db1.t1;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | char(40) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#删除表，（表和结构都删除）
mysql> drop table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc db1.t1;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'db1.t1' doesn't exist
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'db1.t1' doesn't exist

#删除库
mysql> drop database db1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

13.6 MySQL数据库备份恢复

备份库以及恢复库

备份指定库  指定mysql库  
[root@cham002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pchampin  mysql > /tmp/mysqlbak180116.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@cham002 ~]# ls /tmp/mysqlbak180116.sql 
/tmp/mysqlbak180116.sql

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uroot -pchampin -e "create database mysql2"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uroot -pchampin mysql2 < /tmp/mysqlbak180116.sql 
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uroot -pchampin mysql2
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 29
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql2     |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 -A 是指定所有库
[root@cham002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pchampin -A > /tmp/mysql_all.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

 备份表及恢复表

#备份表  库后面空格加上表名字
[root@cham002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pchampin mysql user >/tmp/user.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@cham002 ~]# ls /tmp/user.sql 
/tmp/user.sql
可以用less /tmp/user.sql看一看。不做截图

#恢复表
[root@cham002 ~]# mysql -uroot -pchampin mysql2 < /tmp/user.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

只备份表结构： 

[root@cham002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pchampin -d mysql2 > /tmp/mysql2.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysqlmysql update语句mysql创建数据库selectsql数据库priv前端前端
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