最近oschina上又有朋友问到了mysql中一次更新多条不同的记录的方法,我知道的方法有两种,使用on duplicate key update语法和使用 replace into语法。
这两个语法都需要主键索引或唯一索引支持,下面举例说明。
测试用的表结构和数据
CREATE TABLE `t` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`c1` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`c2` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`c3` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `c1` (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=125 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ;
insert into t values(1,2,3,4),(5,6,7,8);
on duplicate key update 语法
on duplicate key update 语法的官方说明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.1-en/insert-on-duplicate.html
If you specify ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, and a row is inserted that would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY, MySQL performs an UPDATE of the old row.
它会先执行插入操作,碰到有主键或唯一索引的列发生冲突时,对冲突的这一行,执行update操作,更新sql语句中指定的某几列。如果所有的列都不冲突,此语法和简单的insert into语法效果一样。例如:
mysql> insert into t (id,c1,c2)values(1,20,30),(5,60,70) on duplicate key update c1=values(c1),c2=values(c2);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t;
+----+----+----+----+
| id | c1 | c2 | c3 |
+----+----+----+----+
| 1 | 20 | 30 | 4 |
| 5 | 60 | 70 | 8 |
+----+----+----+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
结果是c1,c2这两列被更新了,c3这一列没有变。
replace into 语法
replace into 语法的官方说明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replace.html
REPLACE works exactly like INSERT, except that if an old row in the table has the same value as a new row for a PRIMARY KEY or a UNIQUE index, the old row is deleted before the new row is inserted.
replace和insert所作的工作完全相同,区别是当碰到有主键或唯一索引的列发生冲突时,对冲突的这一行,在insert前会先对这行数据执行delete操作。效果是这一行中没有被指定值的列会被更新成本列的默认值,如果所有的列都不冲突,此语法和简单的insert into语法效果一样。例如:
完全替换两行记录
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(1,200),(5,600);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t;
+----+-----+----+----+
| id | c1 | c2 | c3 |
+----+-----+----+----+
| 1 | 200 | | |
| 5 | 600 | | |
+----+-----+----+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
不使用ID,使用唯一索引来替换记录
mysql> replace into t (c1,c2) values(200,3),(600,7);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t;
+-----+-----+----+----+
| id | c1 | c2 | c3 |
+-----+-----+----+----+
| 127 | 200 | 3 | |
| 128 | 600 | 7 | |
+-----+-----+----+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
效果是id也被替换掉了.
当使用唯一索引,并重且给唯一索引这一列加了重复的值时
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(127,200),(128,200);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t;
+-----+-----+----+----+
| id | c1 | c2 | c3 |
+-----+-----+----+----+
| 128 | 200 | | |
+-----+-----+----+----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
最后为什么只剩一条记录了?插入(127,200)这一行前,会删掉id=127或c1=200的行,然后执行插入。插入(128,200)这一行前,会删掉id=128或c1=200的行,刚好前面插入的那一行中,c1=200,所以前面那一行也被删掉了,最后只留下了一行。
一次最多能更新多少条记录?
mysql中没有一次更新记录数的限制,但是有sql语句长度的限制。如果需要执行超长的sql语句,需要调整max_allowed_packet这个配置参数。
max_allowed_packet参数的官方说明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replication-features-max-allowed-packet.html
max_allowed_packet sets an upper limit on the size of any single message between the MySQL server and clients, including replication slaves.
此参数规定mysql服务端和客户端之前的单个消息最大长度,在mysql主从同步时同样有效。