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Kubernetes之（十六）Dashboard认证访问
Dashboard:https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
Dashboard部署
下载yaml文件
[root@master manifests]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
查看yaml deployment的image需要从k8s.gcr.io仓库下载，国内无法拉取成功。两种方法：
提前在node节点拉取镜像kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1， 然后docker tag修改标签。
直接把yaml文件内的image修改为可用的仓库，
[root@master manifests]# vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml ...... #image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1 image: xiaobai20201/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1 # 我自己的dockerhub仓库 ......
其中 yaml文件种的service配置没有指定type，此时我们需要指定为NodePort才能使用外部访问
......
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort
......
执行
[root@master manifests]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-78d4cf999f-6cb69 1/1 Running 0 11d
coredns-78d4cf999f-tflpn 1/1 Running 0 11d
etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 11d
kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 11d
kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 11d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-gtv85 1/1 Running 0 11d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-gwbql 1/1 Running 1 11d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ml7nf 1/1 Running 0 11d
kube-proxy-ch4vp 1/1 Running 0 11d
kube-proxy-cz2rf 1/1 Running 1 11d
kube-proxy-kdp7d 1/1 Running 0 11d
kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 11d
kubernetes-dashboard-6f9998798-klf4t 1/1 Running 0 2m46s
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 11d
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.104.230.45 <none> 443:30650/TCP 43s
浏览器访问 https://10.0.0.10:30650 ,注意这里的https证书是不安全的，谷歌浏览器会禁止访问，此时建议使用火狐，并且需要在高级选项中认证。 
在k8s中 dashboard可以有两种访问方式：kubeconfig（HTTPS）和token（http）:
token认证
创建dashboard专用证书
[root@master manifests]# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki/ [root@master pki]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ...................................................................+++ .......+++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
证书签署请求
[root@master pki]# openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr -subj "/O=white/CN=dasnboard" #如果以后需要域名访问 /CN需要和域名一致
签署证书
[root@master pki]# openssl x509 -req -in dashboard.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out dashboard.crt -days 3650
Signature ok subject=/O=white/CN=dasnboard Getting CA Private Key定义令牌方式仅能访问default名称空间
[root@master pki]# kubectl create secret generic dashboard-cert -n kube-system --from-file=dashboard.crt=./dashboard.crt --from-file=dashboard.key=./dashboard.key secret/dashboard-cert created
[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system |grep dashboard dashboard-cert Opaque 2 25s kubernetes-dashboard-certs Opaque 0 101m kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder Opaque 2 100m kubernetes-dashboard-token-4pln6 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 101m
#创建serviceaccount [root@master pki]# kubectl create serviceaccount def-ns-admin -n default serviceaccount/def-ns-admin created
#service account账户绑定到集群角色admin [root@master pki]# kubectl create rolebinding def-ns-admin --clusterrole=admin --serviceaccount=default:def-ns-admin rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/def-ns-admin created
[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret NAME TYPE DATA AGE admin-token-sswgb kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 4d1h def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 74s default-token-dqd2f kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 11d mysql-root-password Opaque 1 5d tomcat-ingress-secret kubernetes.io/tls 2 6d5h [root@master pki]# kubectl describe secret def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf Name: def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf Namespace: default Labels:
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: def-ns-admin kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 45e2e667-59d0-11e9-80a7-000c295ec349 Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token Data
ca.crt: 1025 bytes namespace: 7 bytes token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw
将该token复制后，填入验证，要知道的是，该token认证仅可以查看default名称空间的内容，如下图： 
kube-config认证
配置def-ns-admin的集群信息
[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=./ca.crt --server="https://10.0.0.10:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf Cluster "kubernetes" set.
使用token写入集群验证
[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-credentials -h #认证的方式可以通过crt和key文件，也可以使用token进行配置，这里使用tonken
[root@master pki]# kubectl describe secret def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf Name: def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf Namespace: default Labels:
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: def-ns-admin kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 45e2e667-59d0-11e9-80a7-000c295ec349 Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token Data
ca.crt: 1025 bytes namespace: 7 bytes token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw
#此处token是base64编码，此处需要进行解码操作 [root@master pki]# kubectl get secret def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf -o jsonpath={.data.token} |base64 -d eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw
#配置token信息 [root@master pki]# kubectl config set-credentials def-ns-admin --token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf User "def-ns-admin" set.
配置上下文和当前上下文
[root@master ~]# kubectl config set-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=def-ns-admin --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf Context "def-ns-admin@kubernetes" created.
[root@master ~]# kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters:
- cluster: certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED server: https://10.0.0.10:6443 name: kubernetes contexts:
- context: cluster: kubernetes user: def-ns-admin name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes current-context: "" kind: Config preferences: {} users:
- name: def-ns-admin user: token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw
将/root/def-ns-admin.conf文件发送到宿主机，浏览器访问时选择Kubeconfig认证，载入该配置文件，点击登陆，即可实现访问，如图：
总结
- 部署dashboard的时候，官方的yaml文件内Deployment的image文件需要换成国内的源，（xiaobai20201 个人仓库）
- 官方的yaml文件内Service内spec.type要修改为NodePort。
- 认证时的账号必须为ServiceAccount：其作用是被dashboard pod拿来由kubenetes进行认证；认证方式有2种：
token：
- 创建ServiceAccount，根据其管理目标，使用rolebinding或clusterbinding绑定至合理的role或clusterrole；
- 获取此ServiceAccount的secret，查看secret的详细信息，其中就有token；
- 复制token到认证页面即可登录。
kubeconfig：把ServiceAccount的token封装为kubeconfig文件
创建ServiceAccount，根据其管理目标，使用rolebinding或clusterbinding绑定至合理的role或clusterrole；
kubectl get secret |awk '/^ServiceAccount/{print $1}' KUBE_TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret SERVICEACCOUNT_SECRET_NAME -o jsonpath={.data.token} | base64 -d)
生成kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubectl config set-credentials NAME --token=$KUBE_TOKEN kubectl config set-context kubectl config use-context
参考资料
https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxk 马永亮. Kubernetes进阶实战 (云计算与虚拟化技术丛书) Kubernetes-handbook-jimmysong-20181218
