LNMP架构之虚拟主机配置、用户认证及域名重定向

本文索引：

配置nginx虚拟主机
nginx用户认证
- 针对目录
- 针对文件
域名重定向

配置nginx虚拟主机

修改nginx主配置文件

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

删除原有的server语句块，替换为下面的代码

include vhost/*.conf;
创建并修改虚拟主机配置文件（默认虚拟主机）

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf [root@localhost conf]# mkdir vhost [root@localhost conf]# cd vhost/ [root@localhost vhost]# vim aaa.com.conf server { # 指定监听80端口，并将该虚拟主机设置为默认虚拟主机 listen 80 default_server; # 设置服务器的名称 server_name aaa.com; # 设置服务器默认网页 index index.html index.htm index.php; # 设置服务器的根目录 root /data/www/default; }
创建默认虚拟主机的根目录及默认页面

[root@localhost vhost]# mkdir -p /data/www/default [root@localhost vhost]# cd /data/www/default/

[root@localhost default]# vim index.html aaa.com
检测代码并重启服务

[root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
效果测试

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 aaa.com aaa.com

由于是默认的虚拟主机，任何域名都可以显示默认网页信息

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 bbb.com aaa.com

nginx用户认证

nginx中一个虚拟主机对于一个配置文件

创建新的虚拟主机配置文件

[root@localhost default]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf server { # 这个不是默认虚拟主机，default_server不需要配置 listen 80; server_name test.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data/www/test.com; # 添加下列代码 location / { auth_basic "Auth"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; } }
创建test.com相关目录和文件

[root@localhost default]# mkdir /data/www/test.com [root@localhost default]# vim /data/www/test.com/index.html test.com
创建密码文件由于用户认证密码文件需要使用apache的htpasswd命令生成，安装httpd，并创建用户

[root@localhost default]# yum install -y httpd [root@localhost default]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd test New password: Re-type new password: Adding password for user test
重启服务

[root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试效果

普通访问

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Sun, 31 Dec 2017 06:55:24 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 195 Connection: keep-alive WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Auth"

指定用户访问

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 -utest:1 test.com -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Sun, 31 Dec 2017 06:55:33 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 8 Last-Modified: Sun, 31 Dec 2017 06:17:09 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5a4880e5-8" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 -utest:1 test.com test.com

针对虚拟主机下的某个目录进行认证

修改代码针对某个目录进行的认证，只需对上述的代码进行简单修改即可；

[root@localhost default]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf server { listen 80; server_name test.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data/www/test.com; # 修改location即可,其他都不变 location /admin/ { auth_basic "Auth"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; } }
重启服务

[root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
验证

test.com可以访问

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 test.com test.com

test.com下的admin目录需要用户认证

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/
401 Authorization Required
401 Authorization Required

nginx/1.12.2

针对虚拟主机下的某个文件（访问的URL）进行认证

*( 修改虚拟主机配置文件（使用~匹配文件）

[root@localhost default]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/www/test.com;
    
    # 修改location即可,其他都不变,这里匹配admin.php只是对简单的表示
    # 可以使用更复杂的正则来显示精准的文件认证
    location ~ admin.php
        {
        auth_basic "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
    }
}

重启服务

[root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
验证

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php
401 Authorization Required
401 Authorization Required

nginx/1.12.2

域名重定向

修改虚拟主机配置文件

[root@localhost default]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf server { listen 80; # nginx可以配置多个主机名，apache只能使用ServerAlias来指定别名 server_name test.com test2.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data/www/test.com; # 在多个域名 # 判断host是否为test.com if ($host != 'test.com') { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent; } }
重启服务

[root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
验证

[root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 test2.com/index.html
301 Moved Permanently
301 Moved Permanently

nginx/1.12.2 [root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 test2.com/admin/index.html 301 Moved Permanently
301 Moved Permanently

nginx/1.12.2 [root@localhost default]# curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 test3.com/index.html aaa.com