MySQL版本信息：

[root@db02 data]# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.36, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

选项：

-A , --all-databases

全库备份

-B , --databases

增加建库（create）及“use库”的语句

可以直接接多个库名，同时备份多个库

-B 库1 库2

-R , --routines

备份存储过程和函数数据

--triggers

备份触发器数据

--master-data={1|2}

告诉备份后时刻的binlog位置

2 注释

1 非注释，要执行（主从复制）对恢复没什么用

--single-transaction

对innodb引擎进行热备

-F, --flush-logs

刷新binlog日志

全备

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 -A >/backup/full.sql

单库备份使用-B的区别

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 test > ./test.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 -B test > ./test_B.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@db02 ~]# vimdiff test.sql test_B.sql

多库备份 -- -B 数据1 数据库2

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 -B test mysql > ./test_mysql.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

多表备份 -- 数据库名表名1 表名2

[root@db02 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 mysql user proc > ./mysql_user_proc.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

--master-data=2

[root@db02 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 --master-data=2 test > ./test.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@db02 data]# vim ./test.sql

-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql_bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=262;

--single-transaction

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 --master-data=2 --single-transaction test > ./test2.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

-F

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 --master-data=2 --single-transaction -R --triggers -B test -F > ./test3.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

压缩备份

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 --master-data=2 --single-transaction -R --triggers -B test -F | gzip > ./test3.sql.gz
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@db02 ~]# ll ./test3.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 818 Apr 11 17:12 ./test3.sql.gz

[root@db02 ~]# file ./test3.sql.gz
./test3.sql.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Wed Apr 11 17:12:48 2018

解压

[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 --master-data=2 --single-transaction -R --triggers -B test -F | gzip > ./test3.sql.gz
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@db02 ~]# gunzip test3.sql.gz 
或者
[root@db02 ~]# gzip -d test3.sql.gz
或者
[root@db02 ~]# zcat test3.sql.gz > test3.sql