目前市面上 Excel 转 PDF 的组件较多：
- 收费：aspose、GcExcel、spire
- 开源：jacob、itextpdf
其中收费的组件封装得比较好，代码简洁，转换的效果也很好，但收费也高得离谱：
为了成本考虑，就需要考虑开源的组件了，因为它们都是免费的：
- jacob：目前没有探索出很好的导出效果。
- itextpdf：已探索出很好的导出效果，达到了与收费组件一致的效果（推荐）。
以下是 itextpdf 的使用步骤：
引入依赖
<!-- POI Excel--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi</artifactId> <version>4.1.1</version> </dependency> <!-- iText PDF --> <dependency> <groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId> <artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId> <version>5.5.13.2</version> </dependency>定义图片信息
import java.io.Serializable; /** * 图片信息 */ public class PicturesInfo implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * 最小行 */ private int minRow; /** * 最大行 */ private int maxRow; /** * 最小列 */ private int minCol; /** * 最大列 */ private int maxCol; /** * 扩展 */ private String ext; /** * 图片数据 */ private byte[] pictureData; public int getMinRow() { return minRow; } public PicturesInfo setMinRow(int minRow) { this.minRow = minRow; return this; } public int getMaxRow() { return maxRow; } public PicturesInfo setMaxRow(int maxRow) { this.maxRow = maxRow; return this; } public int getMinCol() { return minCol; } public PicturesInfo setMinCol(int minCol) { this.minCol = minCol; return this; } public int getMaxCol() { return maxCol; } public PicturesInfo setMaxCol(int maxCol) { this.maxCol = maxCol; return this; } public String getExt() { return ext; } public PicturesInfo setExt(String ext) { this.ext = ext; return this; } public byte[] getPictureData() { return pictureData; } public PicturesInfo setPictureData(byte[] pictureData) { this.pictureData = pictureData; return this; } }定义工具类
import cn.hutool.core.collection.CollUtil; import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil; import com.itextpdf.text.BaseColor; import com.itextpdf.text.Document; import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException; import com.itextpdf.text.Image; import com.itextpdf.text.PageSize; import com.itextpdf.text.Phrase; import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.BaseFont; import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfPCell; import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfPTable; import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter; import lombok.experimental.UtilityClass; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPicture; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPictureData; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFShape; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFShapeContainer; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.ooxml.POIXMLDocumentPart; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellType; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataFormatter; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook; import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFClientAnchor; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDrawing; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFPicture; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFPictureData; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFShape; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Objects; import java.util.Set; /** * Excel转PDF * @author 廖航 * @date 2024-08-29 10:52 */ @UtilityClass public class ExcelToPdfUtil { /** * 日志输出 */ private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ExcelToPdfUtil.class); /** * 单元格队列 */ Set<String> cellSet = new HashSet<>(); /** * Excel转PDF * * @param excelPath Excel文件路径 * @param pdfPath PDF文件路径 * @param excelSuffix Excel文件后缀 */ public static void excelToPdf(String excelPath, String pdfPath, String excelSuffix) { try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get(excelPath)); OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(Paths.get(pdfPath))) { ExcelToPdfUtil.excelToPdf(in, out, excelSuffix); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error(e.getMessage()); } } /** * Excel转PDF并写入输出流 * * @param inStream Excel输入流 * @param outStream PDF输出流 * @param excelSuffix Excel类型 .xls 和 .xlsx * @throws Exception 异常信息 */ public static void excelToPdf(InputStream inStream, OutputStream outStream, String excelSuffix) throws Exception { // 输入流转workbook，获取sheet Sheet sheet = getPoiSheetByFileStream(inStream, 0, excelSuffix); // 获取列宽度占比 float[] widths = getColWidth(sheet); PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(widths); table.setWidthPercentage(100); int colCount = widths.length; //设置基本字体 BaseFont baseFont = BaseFont.createFont("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc,0", BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED); // 遍历行 for (int rowIndex = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); rowIndex <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); rowIndex++) { Row row = sheet.getRow(rowIndex); if (Objects.isNull(row)) { // 插入空对象 for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) { table.addCell(createPdfPCell(null, 0, 13f, null)); } } else { // 遍历单元格 for (int columnIndex = 0; (columnIndex < row.getLastCellNum() || columnIndex < colCount) && columnIndex > -1; columnIndex++) { PdfPCell pCell = excelCellToPdfCell(sheet, row.getCell(columnIndex), baseFont); // 是否合并单元格 if (isMergedRegion(sheet, rowIndex, columnIndex)) { int[] span = getMergedSpan(sheet, rowIndex, columnIndex); //忽略合并过的单元格 boolean mergedCell = span[0] == 1 && span[1] == 1; if (mergedCell) { continue; } pCell.setRowspan(span[0]); pCell.setColspan(span[1]); } table.addCell(pCell); } } } // 初始化PDF文档对象 createPdfTableAndWriteDocument(outStream, table); } /** * 单元格转换，poi cell 转换为 itext cell * * @param sheet poi sheet页 * @param excelCell poi 单元格 * @param baseFont 基础字体 * @return PDF单元格 */ private static PdfPCell excelCellToPdfCell(Sheet sheet, Cell excelCell, BaseFont baseFont) throws Exception { if (Objects.isNull(excelCell)) { return createPdfPCell(null, 0, 13f, null); } int rowIndex = excelCell.getRowIndex(); int columnIndex = excelCell.getColumnIndex(); // 图片信息 List<PicturesInfo> infos = getAllPictureInfos(sheet, rowIndex, rowIndex, columnIndex, columnIndex, false); PdfPCell pCell; if (CollUtil.isNotEmpty(infos)) { Image image = Image.getInstance(infos.get(0).getPictureData()); // 调整图片大小 image.scaleAbsolute(527, 215); pCell = new PdfPCell(image); } else { Font excelFont = getExcelFont(sheet, excelCell); //设置单元格字体 com.itextpdf.text.Font pdFont = new com.itextpdf.text.Font(baseFont, excelFont.getFontHeightInPoints(), excelFont.getBold() ? 1 : 0, BaseColor.BLACK); Integer border = hasBorder(excelCell) ? null : 0; String excelCellValue = getExcelCellValue(excelCell); pCell = createPdfPCell(excelCellValue, border, excelCell.getRow().getHeightInPoints(), pdFont); } // 水平居中 pCell.setHorizontalAlignment(getHorAlign(excelCell.getCellStyle().getAlignment().getCode())); // 垂直对齐 pCell.setVerticalAlignment(getVerAlign(excelCell.getCellStyle().getVerticalAlignment().getCode())); return pCell; } /** * 创建pdf文档，并添加表格 * * @param outStream 输出流，目标文档 * @param table 表格 * @throws DocumentException 异常信息 */ private static void createPdfTableAndWriteDocument(OutputStream outStream, PdfPTable table) throws DocumentException { //设置pdf纸张大小 PageSize.A4 A4横向 Document document = new Document(PageSize.B0); PdfWriter.getInstance(document, outStream); //设置页边距 宽 document.setMargins(10, 10, 10, 10); document.open(); document.add(table); document.close(); } /** * Excel文档输入流转换为对应的workbook及获取对应的sheet * * @param inputStream Excel文档输入流 * @param sheetNo sheet编号，默认0 第一个sheet * @param excelSuffix 文件类型 .xls和.xlsx * @return poi sheet * @throws IOException 异常 */ public static Sheet getPoiSheetByFileStream(InputStream inputStream, int sheetNo, String excelSuffix) throws IOException { Workbook workbook; if (excelSuffix.endsWith(".xlsx")) { workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream); } else { workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(inputStream); } return workbook.getSheetAt(sheetNo); } /** * 创建itext pdf 单元格 * * @param content 单元格内容 * @param border 边框 * @param minimumHeight 高度 * @param pdFont 字体 * @return pdf cell */ private static PdfPCell createPdfPCell(String content, Integer border, Float minimumHeight, com.itextpdf.text.Font pdFont) { String contentValue = content == null ? "" : content; com.itextpdf.text.Font pdFontNew = pdFont == null ? new com.itextpdf.text.Font() : pdFont; PdfPCell pCell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(contentValue, pdFontNew)); if (Objects.nonNull(border)) { pCell.setBorder(border); } if (Objects.nonNull(minimumHeight)) { pCell.setMinimumHeight(minimumHeight); } return pCell; } /** * excel垂直对齐方式映射到pdf对齐方式 * * @param align 对齐 * @return 结果 */ private static int getVerAlign(int align) { switch (align) { case 2: return com.itextpdf.text.Element.ALIGN_BOTTOM; case 3: return com.itextpdf.text.Element.ALIGN_TOP; default: return com.itextpdf.text.Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE; } } /** * excel水平对齐方式映射到pdf水平对齐方式 * * @param align 对齐 * @return 结果 */ private static int getHorAlign(int align) { switch (align) { case 1: return com.itextpdf.text.Element.ALIGN_LEFT; case 3: return com.itextpdf.text.Element.ALIGN_RIGHT; default: return com.itextpdf.text.Element.ALIGN_CENTER; } } /*============================================== POI获取图片及文本内容工具方法 ==============================================*/ /** * 获取字体 * * @param sheet excel 转换的sheet页 * @param cell 单元格 * @return 字体 */ private static Font getExcelFont(Sheet sheet, Cell cell) { // xls if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) { Workbook workbook = sheet.getWorkbook(); return ((HSSFCell) cell).getCellStyle().getFont(workbook); } // xlsx return ((XSSFCell) cell).getCellStyle().getFont(); } /** * 判断excel单元格是否有边框 * * @param excelCell 单元格 * @return 结果 */ private static boolean hasBorder(Cell excelCell) { short top = excelCell.getCellStyle().getBorderTop().getCode(); short bottom = excelCell.getCellStyle().getBorderBottom().getCode(); short left = excelCell.getCellStyle().getBorderLeft().getCode(); short right = excelCell.getCellStyle().getBorderRight().getCode(); return top + bottom + left + right > 2; } /** * 判断单元格是否是合并单元格 * * @param sheet 表 * @param row 行 * @param column 列 * @return 结果 */ private static boolean isMergedRegion(Sheet sheet, int row, int column) { int sheetMergeCount = sheet.getNumMergedRegions(); for (int i = 0; i < sheetMergeCount; i++) { CellRangeAddress range = sheet.getMergedRegion(i); int firstColumn = range.getFirstColumn(); int lastColumn = range.getLastColumn(); int firstRow = range.getFirstRow(); int lastRow = range.getLastRow(); if (row >= firstRow && row <= lastRow) { if (column >= firstColumn && column <= lastColumn) { return true; } } } return false; } /** * 计算合并单元格合并的跨行跨列数 * * @param sheet 表 * @param row 行 * @param column 列 * @return 结果 */ private static int[] getMergedSpan(Sheet sheet, int row, int column) { int sheetMergeCount = sheet.getNumMergedRegions(); int[] span = {1, 1}; for (int i = 0; i < sheetMergeCount; i++) { CellRangeAddress range = sheet.getMergedRegion(i); int firstColumn = range.getFirstColumn(); int lastColumn = range.getLastColumn(); int firstRow = range.getFirstRow(); int lastRow = range.getLastRow(); if (firstColumn == column && firstRow == row) { span[0] = lastRow - firstRow + 1; span[1] = lastColumn - firstColumn + 1; break; } } return span; } /** * 获取excel中每列宽度的占比 * * @param sheet 表 * @return 结果 */ private static float[] getColWidth(Sheet sheet) { int rowNum = getMaxColRowNum(sheet); Row row = sheet.getRow(rowNum); int cellCount = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); int[] colWidths = new int[cellCount]; int sum = 0; for (int i = row.getFirstCellNum(); i < cellCount; i++) { Cell cell = row.getCell(i); if (cell != null) { colWidths[i] = sheet.getColumnWidth(i); sum += sheet.getColumnWidth(i); } } float[] colWidthPer = new float[cellCount]; for (int i = row.getFirstCellNum(); i < cellCount; i++) { colWidthPer[i] = (float) colWidths[i] / sum * 100; } return colWidthPer; } /** * 获取excel中列数最多的行号 * * @param sheet 表 * @return 结果 */ private static int getMaxColRowNum(Sheet sheet) { int rowNum = 0; int maxCol = 0; for (int r = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); r < sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows(); r++) { Row row = sheet.getRow(r); if (row != null && maxCol < row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells()) { maxCol = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); rowNum = r; } } return rowNum; } /** * poi 根据单元格类型获取单元格内容 * * @param excelCell poi单元格 * @return 单元格内容文本 */ public static String getExcelCellValue(Cell excelCell) { if (excelCell == null) { return ""; } // 判断数据的类型 CellType cellType = excelCell.getCellType(); if (cellType == CellType.STRING) { return excelCell.getStringCellValue(); } if (cellType == CellType.BOOLEAN) { return String.valueOf(excelCell.getBooleanCellValue()); } if (cellType == CellType.FORMULA) { return excelCell.getCellFormula(); } if (cellType == CellType.NUMERIC) { // 处理日期格式、时间格式 if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(excelCell)) { SimpleDateFormat sdf; // 验证short值 if (excelCell.getCellStyle().getDataFormat() == 14) { sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd"); } else if (excelCell.getCellStyle().getDataFormat() == 21) { sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss"); } else if (excelCell.getCellStyle().getDataFormat() == 22) { sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"); } else { throw new RuntimeException("日期格式错误!!!"); } Date date = excelCell.getDateCellValue(); return sdf.format(date); } else if (excelCell.getCellStyle().getDataFormat() == 0) { //处理数值格式 DataFormatter formatter = new DataFormatter(); return formatter.formatCellValue(excelCell); } } if (cellType == CellType.ERROR) { return "非法字符"; } return ""; } /** * 获取sheet内的所有图片信息 * * @param sheet sheet表 * @param onlyInternal 单元格内部 * @return 照片集合 * @throws Exception 异常 */ public static List<PicturesInfo> getAllPictureInfos(Sheet sheet, boolean onlyInternal) throws Exception { return getAllPictureInfos(sheet, null, null, null, null, onlyInternal); } /** * 根据sheet和单元格信息获取图片 * * @param sheet sheet表 * @param minRow 最小行 * @param maxRow 最大行 * @param minCol 最小列 * @param maxCol 最大列 * @param onlyInternal 是否内部 * @return 图片集合 * @throws Exception 异常 */ public static List<PicturesInfo> getAllPictureInfos(Sheet sheet, Integer minRow, Integer maxRow, Integer minCol, Integer maxCol, boolean onlyInternal) throws Exception { if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) { return getXLSAllPictureInfos((HSSFSheet) sheet, minRow, maxRow, minCol, maxCol, onlyInternal); } else if (sheet instanceof XSSFSheet) { return getXLSXAllPictureInfos((XSSFSheet) sheet, minRow, maxRow, minCol, maxCol, onlyInternal); } else { throw new Exception("未处理类型，没有为该类型添加：GetAllPicturesInfos()扩展方法！"); } } /** * 获取XLS图片信息 * * @param sheet 表 * @param minRow 最小行 * @param maxRow 最大行 * @param minCol 最小列 * @param maxCol 最大列 * @param onlyInternal 只在内部 * @return 图片信息列表 */ private static List<PicturesInfo> getXLSAllPictureInfos(HSSFSheet sheet, Integer minRow, Integer maxRow, Integer minCol, Integer maxCol, Boolean onlyInternal) { List<PicturesInfo> picturesInfoList = new ArrayList<>(); HSSFShapeContainer shapeContainer = sheet.getDrawingPatriarch(); if (shapeContainer == null) { return picturesInfoList; } List<HSSFShape> shapeList = shapeContainer.getChildren(); for (HSSFShape shape : shapeList) { if (shape instanceof HSSFPicture && shape.getAnchor() instanceof HSSFClientAnchor) { HSSFPicture picture = (HSSFPicture) shape; HSSFClientAnchor anchor = (HSSFClientAnchor) shape.getAnchor(); if (isInternalOrIntersect(minRow, maxRow, minCol, maxCol, anchor.getRow1(), anchor.getRow2(), anchor.getCol1(), anchor.getCol2(), onlyInternal)) { String item = StrUtil.format("{},{},{},{}", anchor.getRow1(), anchor.getRow2(), anchor.getCol1(), anchor.getCol2()); if (cellSet.contains(item)) { continue; } cellSet.add(item); HSSFPictureData pictureData = picture.getPictureData(); picturesInfoList.add(new PicturesInfo() .setMinRow(anchor.getRow1()) .setMaxRow(anchor.getRow2()) .setMinCol(anchor.getCol1()) .setMaxCol(anchor.getCol2()) .setPictureData(pictureData.getData()) .setExt(pictureData.getMimeType())); } } } return picturesInfoList; } /** * 获取XLSX图片信息 * * @param sheet 表 * @param minRow 最小行 * @param maxRow 最大行 * @param minCol 最小列 * @param maxCol 最大列 * @param onlyInternal 只在内部 * @return 图片信息列表 */ private static List<PicturesInfo> getXLSXAllPictureInfos(XSSFSheet sheet, Integer minRow, Integer maxRow, Integer minCol, Integer maxCol, Boolean onlyInternal) { List<PicturesInfo> picturesInfoList = new ArrayList<>(); List<POIXMLDocumentPart> documentPartList = sheet.getRelations(); for (POIXMLDocumentPart documentPart : documentPartList) { if (documentPart instanceof XSSFDrawing) { XSSFDrawing drawing = (XSSFDrawing) documentPart; List<XSSFShape> shapes = drawing.getShapes(); for (XSSFShape shape : shapes) { if (shape instanceof XSSFPicture) { XSSFPicture picture = (XSSFPicture) shape; XSSFClientAnchor anchor = picture.getPreferredSize(); if (isInternalOrIntersect(minRow, maxRow, minCol, maxCol, anchor.getRow1(), anchor.getRow2(), anchor.getCol1(), anchor.getCol2(), onlyInternal)) { String item = StrUtil.format("{},{},{},{}", anchor.getRow1(), anchor.getRow2(), anchor.getCol1(), anchor.getCol2()); if (cellSet.contains(item)) { continue; } cellSet.add(item); XSSFPictureData pictureData = picture.getPictureData(); picturesInfoList.add(new PicturesInfo() .setMinRow(anchor.getRow1()) .setMaxRow(anchor.getRow2()) .setMinCol(anchor.getCol1()) .setMaxCol(anchor.getCol2()) .setPictureData(pictureData.getData()) .setExt(pictureData.getMimeType())); } } } } } return picturesInfoList; } /** * 是内部的或相交的 * * @param rangeMinRow 最小行范围 * @param rangeMaxRow 最大行范围 * @param rangeMinCol 最小列范围 * @param rangeMaxCol 最大列范围 * @param pictureMinRow 图片最小行 * @param pictureMaxRow 图片最大行 * @param pictureMinCol 图片最小列 * @param pictureMaxCol 图片最大列 * @param onlyInternal 只在内部 * @return 结果 */ private static boolean isInternalOrIntersect(Integer rangeMinRow, Integer rangeMaxRow, Integer rangeMinCol, Integer rangeMaxCol, int pictureMinRow, int pictureMaxRow, int pictureMinCol, int pictureMaxCol, Boolean onlyInternal) { int _rangeMinRow = rangeMinRow == null ? pictureMinRow : rangeMinRow; int _rangeMaxRow = rangeMaxRow == null ? pictureMaxRow : rangeMaxRow; int _rangeMinCol = rangeMinCol == null ? pictureMinCol : rangeMinCol; int _rangeMaxCol = rangeMaxCol == null ? pictureMaxCol : rangeMaxCol; if (onlyInternal) { return (_rangeMinRow <= pictureMinRow && _rangeMaxRow >= pictureMaxRow && _rangeMinCol <= pictureMinCol && _rangeMaxCol >= pictureMaxCol); } else { return ((Math.abs(_rangeMaxRow - _rangeMinRow) + Math.abs(pictureMaxRow - pictureMinRow) >= Math .abs(_rangeMaxRow + _rangeMinRow - pictureMaxRow - pictureMinRow)) && (Math.abs(_rangeMaxCol - _rangeMinCol) + Math.abs(pictureMaxCol - pictureMinCol) >= Math .abs(_rangeMaxCol + _rangeMinCol - pictureMaxCol - pictureMinCol))); } } }调用工具类
ExcelToPdfUtil.excelToPdf("原始的Excel文件", "要导出的PDF文件", ".xlsx");
如此，即可很好的实现 Excel 转 PDF。
