本节内容
uwsgi 介绍
uwsgi安装使用
nginx安装配置
django with nginx
如何在生产上部署Django?
Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。
uwsgi介绍
uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。
要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。
- WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。
- uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
- 而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
- uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。
uwsgi性能非常高
uWSGI的主要特点如下
- 超快的性能
- 低内存占用（实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
- 多app管理（终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-）
- 详尽的日志功能（可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈）
- 高度可定制（内存大小限制，服务一定次数后重启等）
总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的：
If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.
Uwsgi 安装使用
1
2
3
4
# Install the latest stable release:
pip install uwsgi
# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
pip install https: / / projects.unbit.it / downloads / uwsgi - lts.tar.gz
基本测试
Create a file called test.py:
1
2
3
4
5
# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response( '200 OK' , [( 'Content-Type' , 'text/html' )])
return [b "Hello World" ] # python3
#return ["Hello World"] # python2
运行
1
uwsgi - - http : 8000 - - wsgi - file test.py
用uwsgi 启动django
1
uwsgi - - http : 8000 - - module mysite.wsgi
可以把参数写到配置文件里
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
alex@alex - ubuntu:~ / uwsgi - test$ more crazye - uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
http = : 9000
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
socket = 127.0 . 0.1 : 8001
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = / home / alex / CrazyEye
# Django's wsgi file
wsgi - file = CrazyEye / wsgi.py
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = 2
#monitor uwsgi status
stats = 127.0 . 0.1 : 9191
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
启动
1
/ usr / local / bin / uwsgi crazye - uwsgi.ini
Nginx安装使用
1
2
sudo apt - get install nginx
sudo / etc / init.d / nginx start # start nginx
为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件
You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params
Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0 . 0.1 : 8001 ; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen 8000 ;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
charset utf - 8 ;
# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M ; # adjust to taste
# Django media
location / media {
alias / path / to / your / mysite / media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
}
location / static {
alias / path / to / your / mysite / static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
}
# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include / path / to / your / mysite / uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
1
sudo ln - s ~ / path / to / your / mysite / mysite_nginx.conf / etc / nginx / sites - enabled /
Deploying static files
Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:
1
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/" )
and then run
1
python manage.py collectstatic
此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！
