JavaScript小数在做四则运算时,精度会丢失,这会在项目中引起诸多不便。先看个具体的例子:
//较小的数运算
console.log(0.09999999 + 0.00000001); //0.09999999999999999
console.log(-0.09999999 - 0.00000001); //-0.09999999999999999
console.log(0.012345 * 0.000001); //1.2344999999999999e-8
console.log(0.000001 / 0.0001); //0.009999999999999998
//较大的数运算
console.log(999999999 * 111111111); //111111110888888900
从上面的结果可以看出,都不是正确的。为了解决浮点数运算不准确的问题,在运算前我们把参加运算的数先升级(10的X的次方)到整数,等运算完后再降级(0.1的X
的次方)。具体的操作如下:
/**
* 四则运算
*
* @param x
* @param y
* @param op 操作符,0:加;1:减;2:乘;3:除
* @param acc 保留小数位个数,进行四舍五入
*/
function execute(x, y, op, acc) {
var xx = Number(x == undefined ? 0 : x);
var yy = Number(y == undefined ? 0 : y);
//
var a = science(xx);
var b = science(yy);
var na = a.r1;
var nb = b.r1;
var ta = a.r2;
var tb = b.r2;
var maxt = Math.max(ta, tb);
//精度值处理
var result = 0;
switch (parseInt(op, 10)) {
case 0: //加
result = (xx * maxt + yy * maxt) / maxt;
break;
case 1: //减
result = (xx * maxt - yy * maxt) / maxt;
break;
case 2: // 乘
result = na * nb / (ta * tb);
break;
case 3: // 除
result = na / nb * (tb / ta);
default:
}
//小数位数处理
if (acc) {
return Number(Number(result).toFixed(parseInt(acc)));
} else {
return Number(result);
}
}
/**
* 将数值升级(10的X的次方)到整数
*/
function science(num) {
var re = {
r1: 0, //数字去掉小数点后的值,也就是 r1*r2 的结果
r2: 1 //小数部分,10的长度次幂
};
if (isInteger(num)) { //整数直接返回
re.r1 = num;
return re;
}
var snum = scienceNum(num + ""); //处理0.123e-10类似问题
var dotPos = snum.indexOf("."); //小数点位置
var len = snum.substr(dotPos + 1).length; //小数点长度
re.r2 = Math.pow(10, len);
re.r1 = parseInt(snum.replace(".", ""));
return re;
}
/**
* 将数值转为字符串
*
* 通过移动小数点 扩大倍数或缩小倍数(解决出现e+、e-的问题)
*
* JavaScript在以下情景会自动将数值转换为科学计数法:
* 1)小数点前的数字多于21位。
* 2)小数点后的零多于5个
*/
function scienceNum(value) {
if (!value) {
return value;
}
if (typeof value === 'number') {
value = value + ""
};
let eIndex = value.indexOf('E');
if (eIndex == -1) {
eIndex = value.indexOf('e')
};
if (eIndex != -1) {
let doubleStr = value.substring(0, eIndex); //e前面的值
let eStr = parseInt(value.substring(eIndex + 1, value.length)); //e后面的值
let doubleStrArr = doubleStr.split('.');
let doubleStr1 = doubleStrArr[0] || "";
let doubleStr2 = doubleStrArr[1] || "";
if (eStr < 0) { //e- 很小的数
let str1Len = doubleStr1.length;
let eStrs = Math.abs(eStr);
if (str1Len > eStrs) {
let nums = doubleStr1.substring(0, eStrs);
let nume = doubleStr1.substring(eStrs, str1Len);
doubleStr = nums + "." + nume + nume;
} else if (str1Len < eStrs) {
let indexNum = eStrs - str1Len;
let str = _makeZero(indexNum); //用0补齐
doubleStr = '0.' + str + doubleStr1 + doubleStr2;
} else {
doubleStr = '0.' + doubleStr1 + doubleStr2;
}
} else { //e+ 很大的数
let str2Len = doubleStr2.length;
if (str2Len > eStr) {
let _nums = doubleStr2.substring(0, eStr);
let _nume = doubleStr2.substring(eStr, str2Len);
doubleStr = doubleStr1 + _nums + '.' + _nume;
} else if (str2Len < eStr) {
let _indexNum = eStr - str2Len;
let _str = _makeZero(_indexNum); //用0补齐
doubleStr = doubleStr1 + doubleStr2 + _str;
} else {
doubleStr = doubleStr1 + doubleStr2;
}
}
value = doubleStr;
}
return value;
}
//生成num个0的字符串
function _makeZero(num) {
var str = '';
for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
str += '0';
}
return str;
}
/**
* 判断是否为整数,字符整数也返回true
*
* @param num
* @returns
*/
function isInteger(num) {
return Math.floor(num) === Number(num);
}
为了调用方便,我们也可以增加如下几个方法:
//加法运算
function add(x, y, acc) {
return execute(x, y, 0, acc);
}
//减法运算
function subtract(x, y, acc) {
return execute(x, y, 1, acc);
}
//乘法运算
function multiply(x, y, acc) {
return execute(x, y, 2, acc);
}
//除法运算
function divide(x, y, acc) {
return execute(x, y, 3, acc);
}
在上面的计算中,toFixed 方法默认采用四舍六入五成双算法。看个具体的例子:
console.log(Number(9.8350).toFixed(2)); //9.84
console.log(Number(9.8351).toFixed(2)); //9.84
console.log(Number(9.8250).toFixed(2)); //9.82
console.log(Number(9.82501).toFixed(2)); //9.83
如果想改成四舍五入,可以重写该方法:
/**
* 默认toFixed方法为四舍六入五成双算法
* 重写toFixed方法调整为四舍五入算法
*/
Number.prototype.toFixed = function (d) {
var s = this + "";
if (!d) d = 0;
if (typeof d == 'string') {
d = Number(d);
};
if (s.indexOf(".") == -1) {
s += ".";
};
s = scienceNum(s); //处理e+、e-情况
s += new Array(d + 1).join("0");
if (new RegExp("^(-|\\+)?(\\d+(\\.\\d{0," + (d + 1) + "})?)\\d*$").test(s)) {
var _s = "0" + RegExp.$2,
pm = RegExp.$1,
a = RegExp.$3.length,
b = true;
if (a == d + 2) {
a = _s.match(/\d/g);
if (parseInt(a[a.length - 1]) > 4) {
for (var i = a.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
a[i] = parseInt(a[i]) + 1;
if (a[i] == 10) {
a[i] = 0;
b = i != 1;
} else break;
}
}
_s = a.join("").replace(new RegExp("(\\d+)(\\d{" + d + "})\\d$"), "$1.$2");
}
if (b) {
_s = _s.substr(1);
};
return (pm + _s).replace(/\.$/, "");
}
return this + "";
};
测试一下:
console.log(Number(9.8350).toFixed(2)); //9.84
console.log(Number(9.8351).toFixed(2)); //9.84
console.log(Number(9.8250).toFixed(2)); //9.83
console.log(Number(9.82501).toFixed(2)); //9.83