0. 技术选型参考

1. Collector

Keywords: Collector, Processor

名称

Beats

Fluentd-bit

Introduction

Beats are a collector and processor of lightweight (resource efficient, no dependencies, small) and open source log shippers that act as agents installed on the different servers in your infrastructure for collecting logs or metrics.

Fluent Bit was born to address the need for a high performance and optimized tool that can collect and process data from any input source, unify that data and deliver it to multiple destinations.

Owner

Elastic

Treasure Data

Open Source

True

True

Github Stars

5742

608

License

Apache License v2.0

Apache License v2.0

Scope

Containers / Servers / K8S

Containers / Servers / K8S

Language

Go

C

Memory

~10MB

~500KB

Performance

High

High

Dependencies

Zero dependencies, unless some special plugin requires them.

Zero dependencies, unless some special plugin requires them.

Category

Auditbeat,Filebeat,Heartbeat,Metricbeat，Packetbeat，Winlogbeat

NaN

Configuration

File(.yml)/Cmd

File(custom file extension and syntax)/Cmd

Essence

Collector & Processor

Collector & Processor

Input/Module

File, Docker, Syslog, Nginx, Mysql, Postgresql, etc

File,CPU, Disk, Docker, Syslog, etc

Output

Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kafka, Redis, File, Console

ES, File, Kafka, etc

1.1 Filebeat 架构图

1. Ingest Node - A es plugin which pre-process documents before the actual document indexing happen and replace for Logstash. The ingest node intercepts bulk and index requests, it applies transformations, and it then passes the documents back to the index or bulk APIs. Define a pipeline(Processors) that specifies a series of processors, then register the pipeline id in Filebeat configuration file.
2. Kafka - Prevent loss of data and manage logging output speed.

1.2 Fluent bit 架构图

Name

Description

Samples

Input

Entry point of data. Implemented through Input Plugins, this interface allows to gather or receive data.

Samples

Parser

Parsers allow to convert unstructured data gathered from the Input interface into a structured one. Parsers are optional and depends on Input plugins.

Prospector and processors in Filebeat

Filter

The filtering mechanism allows to alter the data ingested by the Input plugins. Filters are implemented as plugins.

Prospector and processors in Filebeat

Buffer

By default, the data ingested by the Input plugins, resides in memory until is routed and delivered to an Output interface.

Routing

Data ingested by an Input interface is tagged, that means that a Tag is assigned and this one is used to determinate where the data should be routed based on a match rule.

Output

An output defines a destination for the data. Destinations are handled by output plugins. Note that thanks to the Routing interface, the data can be delivered to multiple destinations.

Samples

2. Log Transporter

Keywords: Collector, Processor, Aggregator

名称

Logstah

Fluentd

Introduction

Logstash is an open source, server-side data processing pipeline that ingests data from a multitude of sources simultaneously, transforms it, and then sends it to your stash.

Fluentd is an open source data collector, which lets you unify the data.

Owner

Elastic

Treasure Data

Open Source

True

True

Github Stars

9105

6489

License

Apache License v2.0

Apache License v2.0

Scope

Containers / Servers / K8S

Containers / Servers / K8S

Language

JRuby（JVM）

Ruby & C

Memory

200MB+

~40MB

Performance

Middle

High

Dependencies

JVM

Ruby Gem

Configuration

File(custom file extension and syntax)/Cmd

File(custom file extension and syntax)/Cmd

Essence

Collector, Processor, Aggregator

CCollector, Processor, Aggregator

Input/Module

Limited only by your imagination（Serilog）

Limited only by your imagination（Nlog）

Output

Limited only by your imagination

Limited only by your imagination

Further Reading: Fluentd vs. Logstash: A Comparison of Log Collectors

3. 初步总结

比较

Beats + Logstash

Fluentd bit + Fluentd

说明

功能实现

√

√

基本一致

安装与配置简易性

√

内存占用

√

JVM 特性使然

可靠性

√

√

前者使用 registry file + redis 实现可靠性，后者使用内置 buffering 实现可靠性

可扩展性

√

√

插件生态和可扩展性基本一致。后者为分布型插件管理

趋势

√

ELK -> EFK

其他

√

√

前者更倾向于使用 go & java 技术栈，后者有 docker, k8s 官方 log driver 类型和案例支持

Tips: 任一层级都可以自由替换.

4. Visualizer

Keywords: Query, Analyze, Monitor

名称

Kibana

Grafana

Introduction

Kibana is an open source data visualization plugin for Elasticsearch.

Data visualization & Monitoring with support for Graphite, InfluxDB, Prometheus, Elasticsearch and many more databases.The leading open source software for time series analytics.

Owner

Elastic

Grafana

Open Source

True

True

Github Stars

9k+

22k+

License

Apache License v2.0

Apache License v2.0

Scope

ElasticSearch only

ElasticSearch, InfluxDB, PostgreSQL etc

Language

Javascript

Go & Typescript

Configuration

File(.yml)/Cmd

File(custom file extension and syntax)/Cmd

Simple Query

Lucene syntax and filter components

filter components.Different from each other data source

Full-Text Query

Yes

No

Security

Plugins or libraries

Integration

Notification

Plugins or libraries

Integration

Advantages

Log, ES

Multiple data source, APM, Timeseries

Working together.

5. Log Storage and Analyzer

Keywords:Storage, ES, Postgresql, Zombodb, Arangodb

5.1 ElasticSearch

1. 同时支持单文档的对象搜索+模糊搜索+全文搜索
2. Skywalking 官方支持存储媒介
3. 作为流行 Output 支持绝大部分 Log 相关系统
4. 天生分布式
5. 一键设置过期窗口，索引重建
6. ……

---

1. 占用资源较多，对存储介质要求高
2. 运维成本更高
3. 持久化
4. 安全性 - Search Guard
5. ……

6. 总结

1. Sinks(Log sinks, Beats, Fluentd-bit) -> Storages(ElasticSearch, Postgresql,Zombodb etc).
2. Collctors(Beats, Fluentd-bit) -> Kafka -> Fluentd -> Storages(ElasticSearch, Postgresql,Zombodb etc).

7. 扩展