前言
上一篇【.Net Core微服务入门全纪录(六)——EventBus-事件总线】中使用CAP完成了一个简单的Eventbus,实现了服务之间的解耦和异步调用,并且做到数据的最终一致性。这一篇将使用IdentityServer4来搭建一个鉴权中心,来完成授权认证相关的功能。
IdentityServer4官方文档:https://identityserver4.readthedocs.io/
鉴权中心
创建ids4项目
关于IdentityServer4的基本介绍和模板安装可以看一下我的另一篇博客【IdentityServer4 4.x版本 配置Scope的正确姿势】,下面直接从创建项目开始。
来到我的项目目录下执行:dotnet new is4inmem --name IDS4.AuthCenter
执行完成后会生成以下文件:
用vs2019打开之前的解决方案,把刚刚创建的ids项目添加进来:
将此项目设为启动项,先运行看一下效果:
项目正常运行,下面需要结合我们的业务稍微修改一下默认代码。
鉴权中心配置
修改Startup的ConfigureServices方法:
// in-memory, code config
builder.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.IdentityResources);
builder.AddInMemoryApiScopes(Config.ApiScopes);
builder.AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.ApiResources);
builder.AddInMemoryClients(Config.Clients);
Config类:
public static class Config
{
public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> IdentityResources =>
new IdentityResource[]
{
new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
new IdentityResources.Profile(),
};
public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> ApiResources =>
new ApiResource[]
{
new ApiResource("orderApi","订单服务")
{
ApiSecrets ={ new Secret("orderApi secret".Sha256()) },
Scopes = { "orderApiScope" }
},
new ApiResource("productApi","产品服务")
{
ApiSecrets ={ new Secret("productApi secret".Sha256()) },
Scopes = { "productApiScope" }
}
};
public static IEnumerable<ApiScope> ApiScopes =>
new ApiScope[]
{
new ApiScope("orderApiScope"),
new ApiScope("productApiScope"),
};
public static IEnumerable<Client> Clients =>
new Client[]
{
new Client
{
ClientId = "web client",
ClientName = "Web Client",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Code,
ClientSecrets = { new Secret("web client secret".Sha256()) },
RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5000/signin-oidc" },
FrontChannelLogoutUri = "http://localhost:5000/signout-oidc",
PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5000/signout-callback-oidc" },
AllowedScopes = new [] {
IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
"orderApiScope", "productApiScope"
},
AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser = true,
RequireConsent = true,//是否显示同意界面
AllowRememberConsent = false,//是否记住同意选项
}
};
}
Config中定义了2个api资源:orderApi,productApi。2个Scope:orderApiScope,productApiScope。1个客户端:web client,使用Code授权码模式,拥有openid,profile,orderApiScope,productApiScope 4个scope。
TestUsers类:
public class TestUsers
{
public static List<TestUser> Users
{
get
{
var address = new
{
street_address = "One Hacker Way",
locality = "Heidelberg",
postal_code = 69118,
country = "Germany"
};
return new List<TestUser>
{
new TestUser
{
SubjectId = "818727",
Username = "alice",
Password = "alice",
Claims =
{
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Name, "Alice Smith"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.GivenName, "Alice"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.FamilyName, "Smith"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Email, "AliceSmith@email.com"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.EmailVerified, "true", ClaimValueTypes.Boolean),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.WebSite, "http://alice.com"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Address, JsonSerializer.Serialize(address), IdentityServerConstants.ClaimValueTypes.Json)
}
},
new TestUser
{
SubjectId = "88421113",
Username = "bob",
Password = "bob",
Claims =
{
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Name, "Bob Smith"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.GivenName, "Bob"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.FamilyName, "Smith"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Email, "BobSmith@email.com"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.EmailVerified, "true", ClaimValueTypes.Boolean),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.WebSite, "http://bob.com"),
new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Address, JsonSerializer.Serialize(address), IdentityServerConstants.ClaimValueTypes.Json)
}
}
};
}
}
}
TestUsers没有做修改,用项目模板默认生成的就行。这里定义了2个用户alice,bob,密码与用户名相同。
至此,鉴权中心的代码修改就差不多了。这个项目也不放docker了,直接用vs来启动,让他运行在9080端口。/Properties/launchSettings.json修改一下:"applicationUrl": "http://localhost:9080"
Ocelot集成ids4
Ocelot保护api资源
鉴权中心搭建完成,下面整合到之前的Ocelot.APIGateway网关项目中。
首先NuGet安装IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation
修改Startup:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddAuthentication(IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication("orderService", options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:9080";//鉴权中心地址
options.ApiName = "orderApi";
options.SupportedTokens = SupportedTokens.Both;
options.ApiSecret = "orderApi secret";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
})
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication("productService", options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:9080";//鉴权中心地址
options.ApiName = "productApi";
options.SupportedTokens = SupportedTokens.Both;
options.ApiSecret = "productApi secret";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
});
//添加ocelot服务
services.AddOcelot()
//添加consul支持
.AddConsul()
//添加缓存
.AddCacheManager(x =>
{
x.WithDictionaryHandle();
})
//添加Polly
.AddPolly();
}
修改ocelot.json配置文件:
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/products",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/products",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get" ],
"ServiceName": "ProductService",
......
"AuthenticationOptions": {
"AuthenticationProviderKey": "productService",
"AllowScopes": []
}
},
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/orders",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/orders",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get" ],
"ServiceName": "OrderService",
......
"AuthenticationOptions": {
"AuthenticationProviderKey": "orderService",
"AllowScopes": []
}
}
添加了AuthenticationOptions节点,AuthenticationProviderKey对应的是上面Startup中的定义。
Ocelot代理ids4
既然网关是客户端访问api的统一入口,那么同样可以作为鉴权中心的入口。使用Ocelot来做代理,这样客户端也无需知道鉴权中心的地址,同样修改ocelot.json:
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/{url}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
{
"Host": "localhost",
"Port": 9080
}
],
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/auth/{url}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [
"Get",
"Post"
],
"LoadBalancerOptions": {
"Type": "RoundRobin"
}
}
添加一个鉴权中心的路由,实际中鉴权中心也可以部署多个实例,也可以集成Consul服务发现,实现方式跟前面章节讲的差不多,这里就不再赘述。
让网关服务运行在9070端口,/Properties/launchSettings.json修改一下:"applicationUrl": "http://localhost:9070"
客户端集成
首先NuGet安装Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect
修改Startup:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddAuthentication(options =>
{
options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
})
.AddCookie("Cookies")
.AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:9070/auth";//通过网关访问鉴权中心
//options.Authority = "http://localhost:9080";
options.ClientId = "web client";
options.ClientSecret = "web client secret";
options.ResponseType = "code";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.SaveTokens = true;
options.Scope.Add("orderApiScope");
options.Scope.Add("productApiScope");
});
services.AddControllersWithViews();
//注入IServiceHelper
//services.AddSingleton<IServiceHelper, ServiceHelper>();
//注入IServiceHelper
services.AddSingleton<IServiceHelper, GatewayServiceHelper>();
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IServiceHelper serviceHelper)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
name: "default",
pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
//程序启动时 获取服务列表
//serviceHelper.GetServices();
}
修改/Helper/IServiceHelper,方法定义增加accessToken参数:
/// <summary>
/// 获取产品数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="accessToken"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<string> GetProduct(string accessToken);
/// <summary>
/// 获取订单数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="accessToken"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<string> GetOrder(string accessToken);
修改/Helper/GatewayServiceHelper,访问接口时增加Authorization参数,传入accessToken:
public async Task<string> GetOrder(string accessToken)
{
var Client = new RestClient("http://localhost:9070");
var request = new RestRequest("/orders", Method.GET);
request.AddHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + accessToken);
var response = await Client.ExecuteAsync(request);
if (response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
return response.StatusCode + " " + response.Content;
}
return response.Content;
}
public async Task<string> GetProduct(string accessToken)
{
var Client = new RestClient("http://localhost:9070");
var request = new RestRequest("/products", Method.GET);
request.AddHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + accessToken);
var response = await Client.ExecuteAsync(request);
if (response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
return response.StatusCode + " " + response.Content;
}
return response.Content;
}
最后是/Controllers/HomeController的修改。添加Authorize标记:
[Authorize]
public class HomeController : Controller
修改Index action,获取accessToken并传入:
public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
{
var accessToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync("access_token");
ViewBag.OrderData = await _serviceHelper.GetOrder(accessToken);
ViewBag.ProductData = await _serviceHelper.GetProduct(accessToken);
return View();
}
至此,客户端集成也已完成。
测试
为了方便,鉴权中心、网关、web客户端这3个项目都使用vs来启动,他们的端口分别是9080,9070,5000。之前的OrderAPI和ProductAPI还是在docker中不变。
为了让vs能同时启动多个项目,需要设置一下,解决方案右键属性:
Ctor+F5启动项目。
3个项目都启动完成后,浏览器访问web客户端:http://localhost:5000/
因为我还没登录,所以请求直接被重定向到了鉴权中心的登录界面。使用alice/alice这个账户登录系统。
登录成功后,进入授权同意界面,你可以同意或者拒绝,还可以选择勾选scope权限。点击Yes,Allow按钮同意授权:
同意授权后,就能正常访问客户端界面了。下面测试一下部分授权,这里没做登出功能,只能手动清理一下浏览器Cookie,ids4登出功能也很简单,可以自行百度。
清除Cookie后,刷新页面又会转到ids4的登录界面,这次使用bob/bob登录:
这次只勾选orderApiScope,点击Yes,Allow:
这次客户端就只能访问订单服务了。当然也可以在鉴权中心去限制客户端的api权限,也可以在网关层面ocelot.json中限制,相信你已经知道该怎么做了。
总结
本文主要完成了IdentityServer4鉴权中心、Ocelot网关、web客户端之间的整合,实现了系统的统一授权认证。授权认证是几乎每个系统必备的功能,而IdentityServer4是.Net Core下优秀的授权认证方案。再次推荐一下B站@solenovex 杨老师的视频,地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV16b411k7yM ,虽然视频有点老了,但还是非常受用。
需要代码的点这里:https://github.com/xiajingren/NetCoreMicroserviceDemo