DSI是Data Server Internals的缩写,是Oracle公司内部用来培训Oracle售后工程师使用的教材。
1 bbed工具使用
BBED工具介绍
BBED stands for Block Browser and EDitor.
BBED只是一款工具，类似于ultraEdit，单纯的会用BBED来修改数据没有任何意义！关键是要知道为什么要这么改！
在充分了解Block格式和Oracle的各种机制的基础上广泛使用BBED, 用它来帮你构造测试案例，
用它来帮你验证测试结果，用它来帮你深入理解Oracle！
本系列测试版本
oracle：11.2.0.4.0
os：centos 6.5
sid：orcl
bbed的安装--(Oracle Block Brower and EDitor Tool)
用来直接查看和修改数据文件数据的一个工具，是Oracle一款内部工具
oracle 11g中缺bbed包,oracle11g bbed install and example
1.上传（sbbdpt.o ssbbded.o bbedus.msb，该三个文件拷贝oracle的linux64版本的）文件，11g是没有这3个文件，在10g里面有
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msb
[root@DSI opt]# cp bbedus.msb sbbdpt.o ssbbded.o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/.
[root@DSI opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/
[oracle@DSI ~]$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1191 Apr 22 10:35 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o
执行如下命令：
[oracle@DSI ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle@DSI lib]$ make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
Linking BBED utility (bbed)
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed
gcc -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed -m64 -z noexecstack -L/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lncrypt11 -lnsgr11 -lnzjs11 -ln11 -lnl11 -ldbtools11 -lclntsh `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lncrypt11 -lnsgr11 -lnzjs11 -ln11 -lnl11 -lnro11 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lncrypt11 -lnsgr11 -lnzjs11 -ln11 -lnl11 -lnnz11 -lzt11 -lztkg11 -lclient11 -lnnetd11 -lvsn11 -lcommon11 -lgeneric11 -lmm -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lxml11 -lcore11 -lunls11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lnls11 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lncrypt11 -lnsgr11 -lnzjs11 -ln11 -lnl11 -lnro11 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lncrypt11 -lnsgr11 -lnzjs11 -ln11 -lnl11 -lclient11 -lnnetd11 -lvsn11 -lcommon11 -lgeneric11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lxml11 -lcore11 -lunls11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lnls11 -lclient11 -lnnetd11 -lvsn11 -lcommon11 -lgeneric11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lxml11 -lcore11 -lunls11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lnls11 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib -lm `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm -L/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib
2.进入BBED
bbed
blockedit ##默认密码
[oracle@DSI lib]$ bbed
Message 112 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=BBED
BBED-00113: file not found
[oracle@DSI lib]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 255078 Apr 22 10:37 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed
[oracle@DSI lib]$ cp bbedus.msb /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/
[oracle@DSI lib]$ bbed
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Mon Apr 22 10:42:37 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED>
进行bbed参数文件配置
SQL> select file#||chr(9)||name||chr(9)||bytes from v$datafile;
FILE#||CHR(9)||NAME||CHR(9)||BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 775946240
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 629145600
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 1184890880
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 5242880
[oracle@DSI ~]$ vim par.txt
blocksize=8192
listfile=filelist.txt
mode=edit
[oracle@DSI ~]$ vim filelist.txt
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 775946240
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 629145600
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 1184890880
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 5242880
[oracle@DSI ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@DSI ~]$ vim .bash_profile
[oracle@DSI ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@DSI ~]$ more .bash_profile
alias bbed='bbed parfile=par.txt password=blockedit'
[oracle@DSI ~]$ bbed
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Mon Apr 22 16:07:15 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> info
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 94720
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 76800
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 144640
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 640
初次查看
BBED> set file 4 block 1
FILE# 4
BLOCK# 1
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 1 Dba:0x01000001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0 ##头部
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kcvfhrdb @96
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108
ub4 kcvfhrlc @112
struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes @116
ub4 kcvfhbti @124
struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes @128
ub2 kcvfhbth @136
ub2 kcvfhsta @138
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140
ub4 kcvfhrts @144
ub4 kcvfhccc @148
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
ub4 kcvfhbhz @312
struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes @316
sword kcvfhtsn @332
ub2 kcvfhtln @336
text kcvfhtnm[30] @338
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368
struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes @372
ub4 kcvfhrft @380
struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes @384
ub4 kcvfhbbc @392
ub4 kcvfhncb @396
ub4 kcvfhmcb @400
ub4 kcvfhlcb @404
ub4 kcvfhbcs @408
ub2 kcvfhofb @412
ub2 kcvfhnfb @414
ub4 kcvfhprc @416
struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420
struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428
ub4 kcvfhtrt @444
ub4 tailchk @8188
3.常用命令：set、 find、 dump、 modify 、sum apply、examine、map 、print、 veritfy
(1)set file 4 block 32
set dba 0x01000020
set offset 0 --０表示第一个字节开始
set block 1 --1表示第一个块开始
set count 8192 --默认是显示512字节
(2)find /x 05d67g --查指定的字符串在指定数据块中的具体位置
f --find的简写，表示继续从当前位置开始往下查询字符串05d67g
(3)dump --十六进制查看block
dump /v --查看十六进制内容的同时以文本方式“翻译”十六进制显示的内容，相当于对当前block执行strings命令
(4)modify /x d43 --修改指定block,指定offset的数据块块内记录的内容
(5)sum apply --计算修改后的数据块的checksum值，然后写入数据块的offset为16-17的位置
(6) map --会通过偏移量来显示block里的详细信息，
map /v --可以查看更详细的信息
p kcbh
p ktbbh
p kdbh
p kdbt
p kcvfh
p kcvfh.kcvfhrfn
p kcvfh.kcvfhckp
p *kdbr[0] --第一行记录
x /rnc -examine /read number char 用16进制翻译成我们能看懂的文件
这个输出结果默认是16进制的。我们可以将其修改成其他格式
/x Hex
/d signed decimal
/u unsigned decimal
/o Octal
/c Character
/n Oracle Number
/t Oracle Date
/i Oracle ROWID
参考博客
https://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5006580
https://www.cnblogs.com/polestar/p/4243646.html
几个常用的
set 设定当前的环境
show 查看当前的环境参数，跟sqlplus的同名命令类似。
dump 列出指定block的内容，dump命令可以将block 的内从显示到屏幕。 每次显示的bytes由count 控制，默认是512 bytes。 使用 /v 选项，可以显示更多详细信息
find 在指定的block中查找指定的字符串，结果是显示出字符串，及其偏移量--offset，偏移量就是在block中的字节数
modify 修改指定block的指定偏移量的值，可以在线修改。
--BBED> modify /c dmm dba 1, 115362 offset 8155
copy 把一个block的内容copy到另一个block中
verify 检查当前环境是否有坏块
--BBED> verify dba 6,15
sum 计算block的checksum，modify之后block就被标识为坏块，current checksum与reqired checksum不一致，sum命令可以计算出新的checksum并应用到当前块。
--BBED> sum dba 1,115362 apply
undo 回滚当前的修改操作，如果手误做错了，undo一下就ok了，回到原来的状态。undo命令是回滚最后一次的操作
--BBED> undo
revert 回滚所有之前的修改操作，意思就是 undo all
--BBED> revert dba 1,115362
corrupt 将一个block 标记为corrupt，这样db 在操作时就会跳过该block，从而避免错误
--BBED> corrupt dba 6,15
--注意： undo 命令不能undo 一个corruption，但是revert 命令却可以
find
create table yhq(name1 varchar2(100));
insert into yhq values('yhq is DBA!');
insert into yhq values('yhq is mysql DBA!');
select
rowid,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
from yhq;
----查看block 情况
SQL> select
rowid,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
from yhq; 2 3 4 5 6
ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAAVRbAABAAAWahAAA 1 91809 0
AAAVRbAABAAAWahAAB 1 91809 1
BBED> set file 1 block 91809
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 91809
BBED> find /c yhq top
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 91809 Offsets: 8156 to 8159 Dba:0x004166a1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
79687120
<32 bytes per line>
--bbed 显示在offset 8156的为位置，我们dump 该offset 看看,如果我们要继续搜索yhq，那么只需要按下f 就可以了，不需要跟参数
BBED> dump /v dba 1,91809 offset 8156 count 128
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 91809 Offsets: 8156 to 8191 Dba:0x004166a1
-------------------------------------------------------
79687120 6973206d 7973716c 20444241 l yhq is mysql DBA
212c0101 0b796871 20697320 44424121 l !,...yhq is DBA!
0106f2a6 l ..
<16 bytes per line>
BBED解析DB_NAME
DB_NAME数据库名，长度不能超过8个字符，记录在datafile、 redolog和control file中
BBED> p kcvfh ##指定具体的元素进行print
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x0b
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 0xa2
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 0x00
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 0x00
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x01000001
ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00000000
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 0x0000
ub1 seq_kcbh @14 0x01
ub1 flg_kcbh @15 0x04 (KCBHFCKV)
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 0x1220
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 0x0000
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kccfhswv @20 0x00000000
ub4 kccfhcvn @24 0x0b200400
ub4 kccfhdbi @28 0x5b6f76cf
text kccfhdbn[0] @32 O ##dbname
text kccfhdbn[1] @33 R
text kccfhdbn[2] @34 C
text kccfhdbn[3] @35 L
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x01000001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0ba20000 01000001 00000000 00000104 20120000 00000000 0004200b cf766f5b
4f52434c 00000000 ee010000 80020000 00200000 04000300 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 443e0000 00000000 582bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000400 4a000000 00000000 49000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 04000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 04000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 26f60d00 00000000 d22ffa3b 01000000 49000000 8b7d0000 10000000
<32 bytes per line>
SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name string orcl
SQL> select chr(to_number(substr('4f52434c00000000',rownum*2-1,2),'xxxxxxxx')) from
dba_objects where rownum<=9; 2
CHR(
----
O
R
C
L
诊断Trace files
alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level N'; ##控制文件
alter session set events 'immediate trace name file_hdrs level N';##文件头部信息
alter session set events 'immediate trace name redohdr level N';##日志文件头部信息
alter system dump undo header "_SYSSMU17_3012809736$"; ##undo文件
alter system dump datafile 3 block 256;
alter system dump logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocm/redo01.log';
alter session set events 'immediate trace name treedump level 64952 ';
Recovery算法
Oracle为了在任何情况下都能顺利执行recovery操作，采用了一 系列的算法/设计来保证recovery的成功实施：
Page Fix
Write-Ahead-Log
Log-Force-at-Commit
Online-Log Switch Management
Checkpointing
Thread-Open Flag
Incremental Checkpointing
Two-Pass Recovery
Recovery方法
Recovery for a thread starts at last checkpoint
Recovery progresses, redo record by redo record, until all available redo has been applied
Find the block
Block time > Redo record time: Skip block
Block time = Redo record time: Apply changes
Block time < Redo record time: Stuck recovery (ORA-600 [3020])
No generation of redo
解决思路
查看告警日志
Dump控制文件和数据文件头
BBED修复
正常shutdown immediate
[oracle@DSI trace]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
[oracle@DSI trace]$ tail -n 100 alert_orcl.log
检查点
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x0000004a ##检查点
ub4 kcvfhrts @144 0x00000000
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000049 ##控制文件
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
BBED> p kcvfhcpc
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x0000004a
BBED>
BBED> p kcvfhccc
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000049
##文件头kcvfhcpc的检查点计数器的值（0x0000004a）比控制文件kcvfhccc计数器的值小（0x00000049）的话，数据库打开和关闭就会有问题
，需要修改值
当前控制文件中的SCN号
SQL> col name format a65
SQL> select file#,to_char(checkpoint_change#,'999999999999') from v$datafile;
FILE# TO_CHAR(CHECK
---------- -------------
1 929146
2 929146
3 929146
4 929146
数据文件的状态
SQL> set pagesize 9999
SQL> set linesize 9999
SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS NAME
---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
添加测试数据文件表空间
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE test DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf' SIZE 50M;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS NAME
---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf
模拟故障，
https://www.cnblogs.com/polestar/p/4243646.html
1 将datafile 5 online
SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline;
alter database datafile 5 offline
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01145: offline immediate disallowed unless media recovery enabled ##数据库处于归档模式才能将数据文件offline
SQL> select name,log_mode from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE
----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
ORCL NOARCHIVELOG
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes
Fixed Size 2257352 bytes
Variable Size 511708728 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 6791168 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog; ##修改为归档模式
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select name,log_mode from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE
----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
ORCL ARCHIVELOG
SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline;
Database altered.
SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS NAME
---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 RECOVER /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf ##文件状态已经被修改
2 更改文件的scn号
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 930121
2 930121
3 930121
4 930121
5 930121
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 930517
2 930517
3 930517
4 930517
5 930121 ##多执行几次，这里已经不一样了
##查看需要恢复datafile的scn
SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE_ CHANGE#
---------- ------- ----------
5 OFFLINE 930121
3 把datafile设置为online
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
alter database datafile 5 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf'
##提示需要进行数据恢复
##/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/
Tue Apr 23 09:31:31 2019
alter database datafile 5 online
ORA-1113 signalled during: alter database datafile 5 online...
利用bbed修改数据文件5号的scn号
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
利用bbed查看文件1和文件5的scn号
Oracle根据4个属性来判断datafile 是否和其他的datafile 一致，如果都一致，可以正常操作，如果不一致，那么会报ORA-01113错误
kscnbas (at offset 484) - SCN of last change to the datafile.
kcvcptim (at offset 492) -Time of the last change to the datafile.
kcvfhcpc (at offset 140) - Checkpoint count.
kcvfhccc (at offset 148) - Unknown, but is always 1 less than thecheckpoint point count
这四个属性值存在File header中，即文件的第一个数据块中
[oracle@DSI ~]$ bbed
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Mon Apr 22 18:05:42 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> info
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 94720
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 76800
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 144640
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 640
BBED> set file 1 block 1
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kcvfhrdb @96
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108
ub4 kcvfhrlc @112
struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes @116
ub4 kcvfhbti @124
struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes @128
ub2 kcvfhbth @136
ub2 kcvfhsta @138
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140
ub4 kcvfhrts @144
ub4 kcvfhccc @148
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
ub4 kcvfhbhz @312
struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes @316
sword kcvfhtsn @332
ub2 kcvfhtln @336
text kcvfhtnm[30] @338
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368
struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes @372
ub4 kcvfhrft @380
struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes @384
ub4 kcvfhbbc @392
ub4 kcvfhncb @396
ub4 kcvfhmcb @400
ub4 kcvfhlcb @404
ub4 kcvfhbcs @408
ub2 kcvfhofb @412
ub2 kcvfhnfb @414
ub4 kcvfhprc @416
struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420
struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428
ub4 kcvfhtrt @444
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x000e38a5
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x3bfa9b54
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x0000004e
ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x00000b88
ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00
BBED> p kcvfhcpc
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x00000053
BBED> p kcvfhccc
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000052
##这里kcvfhcpc比控制文件kcvfhccc的检查点的值要大,小的话肯定要报错，启动或关闭不了
--修改kscnbas
BBED> modify /x 9972fb3b dba 5,1 offset 492
BBED-00209: invalid number (9972fb3b)
--报无法修改，看看两个文件的484至487的4个字节值的异同
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 484 count 32
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
8d8d0e00 00000000 9972fb3b 01000000 l .........r.
4f000000 02000000 10000000 02000000 l O...............
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 484 count 32
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
49310e00 00000000 fb8ffa3b 01000000 l I1.........
49000000 6de80000 10000000 02000000 l I...m欮........
<16 bytes per line>
--观察文件1和文件5的前四个字节的异同，只修改484，485前两字节
##modify /x 8d8d dba 5,1 offset 484
BBED> modify /x 8d8d dba 5,1 offset 484
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8d8d0e00 00000000 fb8ffa3b 01000000 49000000 6de80000 10000000 02000000
<32 bytes per line>
-修改kcvcptim
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 492 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
9972fb3b l .r
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 492 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
fb8ffa3b l
<16 bytes per line>
##modify /x 9972 dba 5,1 offset 492
BBED> modify /x 9972 dba 5,1 offset 492
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9972fa3b
<32 bytes per line>
--修改kcvfhcpc
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 140 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
57000000 l W...
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 140 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
04000000 l ....
<16 bytes per line>
##modify /x 5700 dba 5,1 offset 140
BBED> modify /x 5700 dba 5,1 offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
57000000
<32 bytes per line>
--修改kcvfhccc
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 148 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
56000000 l V...
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 148 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
03000000 l ....
<16 bytes per line>
##modify /x 5600 dba 5,1 offset 148
BBED> modify /x 5600 dba 5,1 offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
56000000
<32 bytes per line>
应用修改
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0x1c88, required = 0x1c88
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
alter database datafile 5 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf'
alter database datafile 5 online
ORA-1113 signalled during: alter database datafile 5 online...
Tue Apr 23 09:49:04 2019
Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures
##测试到这里了，对bbed修改oracle块的还是差一点意思，为了后面的测试继续，这里只好使用rman先恢复
RMAN> restore datafile 5;
RMAN> recover datafile 5;
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 958624
2 958624
3 958624
4 958624
5 958624
