CentOS配置本地Yum源、阿里云Yum源、163Yum源、并配置Yum源的优先级

一、用Centos镜像搭建本地Yum源

由于安装centos后的默认Yum源为centos的官方地址，所以在国内使用很慢甚至无法访问，所以一般的做法都是把默认的Yum源替换成aliyun的Yum源或者163等国内的Yum源(下文介绍如何配置)。但是以上的方法都是需要网络的，当没有网络的时候就无法使用了，所以还有一个常用的方法就是用Centos的ISO镜像搭建本地Yum源，这样安装软件的速度就会飞快，缺点是可能有些包没有。

安装Centos后默认的Yum源如下

[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
把默认Yum源备份(可选)

[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
在虚拟机上挂载CentOS镜像文件

CentOS配置本地Yum源、阿里云Yum源、163Yum源、并配置Yum源的优先级

[root@kangvcar ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /opt/centos
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

编写repo文件并指向镜像的挂载目录

[root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local] name=local baseurl=file:///opt/centos enabled=1 gpgcheck=0
清除缓存

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: local Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //列出了3780个包

二、把默认的CentOS Yum源修改成国内的aliyun Yum源

阿里云官方教程：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/centos

安装Centos后默认的Yum源如下

[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
把默认Yum源备份(可选)

[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
下载aliyun Yum源repo文件(对应自己的系统版本下载即可)

#各系统版本repo文件对应的下载操作 CentOS 5 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo CentOS 6 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo CentOS 7 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系统的版本 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo --2017-06-20 06:43:08-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 112.124.140.210, 115.28.122.210 Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|112.124.140.210|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ 100%[=======================================================================================================>] 2,573 --.-K/s in 0s
2017-06-20 06:43:08 (118 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2573/2573]
清除缓存

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras updates Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //总共列出了9954个包

三、把默认的CentOS Yum源修改成国内的163源

163官方教程：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html

安装Centos后默认的Yum源如下

[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
把默认Yum源备份(可选)

[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
下载163 Yum源repo文件

#各系统版本repo文件对应的下载操作 CentOS 5 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS5-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo CentOS 6 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS 7 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系统的版本 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo --2017-06-20 06:29:47-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186 Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.173.185|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ 100%[=======================================================================================================>] 1,572 --.-K/s in 0s
2017-06-20 06:29:47 (293 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]
清除缓存

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras updates Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //总共列出了9951个包

四、修改Yum源的优先级

当既有本地Yum源又有163源的时候，我们在装软件包的时候当然希望先用本地的Yum源去安装，本地找不到可用的包时再使用163源去安装软件,这里就涉及到了优先级的问题，Yum提供的插件yum-plugin-priorities.noarch可以解决这个问题

查看系统是否安装了优先级的插件

[root@kangvcar ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum-plugin- yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
//这里看到没有安装yum-plugin-priorities.noarch这个插件 [root@kangvcar ~]# yum search yum-plugin-priorities
//用search查看是否有此插件可用 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- base: mirrors.aliyun.com
- extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
- updates: mirrors.aliyun.com ====================================================== N/S matched: yum-plugin-priorities ======================================================= yum-plugin-priorities.noarch : plugin to give priorities to packages from different repos
安装yum-plugin-priorities.noarch插件

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-priorities.noarch
查看插件是否启用

[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf [main] enabled = 1 //1为启用；0为禁用
修改本地Yum源优先使用

[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2573 May 15 2015 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 67 Jun 20 06:04 local.repo //有两个repo文件 [root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [local] name=local baseurl=file:///opt/centos enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 priority=1 //在原基础上加入priority=1 ；数字越小优先级越高 //可以继续修改其他源的priority值，经测试仅配置本地源的优先级为priority=1就会优先使用本地源了
测试

配置优先级前：(使用阿里云Yum源) [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim

Dependencies Resolved

Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 1.0 M Updating for dependencies: vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 5.9 M 省略···

配置优先级后：(使用本地Yum源) [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim

Dependencies Resolved

Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 local 1.0 M Installing for dependencies: gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-5.el7 local 32 k perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-286.el7 local 8.0 M perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 local 19 k perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 local 1.5 M perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 local 28 k perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 local 26 k perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 local 56 k 省略···