Linux下配置Django_Apache_Mysql环境（CentOS 7.5）

本文将介绍如何在Linux上部署Django + Mysql + Apache环境。我们知道，Django内置的http服务器只能工作在单线程下，做开发和调试时候是可以的，但是生产环境通常都会有多用户并发，而且django的simple HTTP server处理大量静态文件的性能太差，所以要用apache做前端。Django自带的SQLite数据库权限只依赖于文件系统，没有用户帐户的概念，这里我们使用典型的关系型数据库Mysql。看似简单的环境搭建，在实际操作过程中还是遇到了不少的大坑，所以特地将过程记录下来，也希望对大家有小小的帮助。

CentOS 7.5 + python 2.7.5 + Django 1.11.14 + Apache 2.4.6 + Mysql 5.7.23

1. 安装Django

Linux上我们可以直接使用pip安装Django

1.1 安装python（使用CentOS 7.5自带的python即可）

[root@localhost ~]# python --version
Python 2.7.5

1.2 网上下载get-pip.py文件安装pip：

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

1.3 pip安装django

[root@localhost ~]# pip install django
[root@localhost ~]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jul 13 2018, 13:06:57)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.get_version()
'1.11.14'

2. 安装Apache

Linux上使用yum安装Apache即可

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -V
[Thu Aug 16 20:57:04.487586 2018] [so:warn] [pid 1605] AH01574: module wsgi_module is already loaded, skipping
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built:   Jun 27 2018 13:48:59
Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:24
Server loaded:  APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2
Compiled using: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2
Architecture:   64-bit
Server MPM:     prefork
  threaded:     no
    forked:     yes (variable process count)

注意：使用yum安装的httpd，其安装目录位于/etc/httpd/，我们只需要配置/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf即可

3. 安装Mysql

我们使用yum安装Mysql，需要先更新yum源

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-devel

注意：yum安装的Mysql其文件目录如下

配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
日志文件：/var/log/mysqld.log
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

4. 配置（重点）

以上三步都非常容易，但是将这三个环境配置好，还是费了我不少的时间...

4.1 配置Mysql

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
# 开启Mysql服务后，会为root设置一个默认密码，我们首先重置密码
# 获得默认密码
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep -i password
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Sam_tech_0912';

# 重置密码后，我们创建一个数据库，因为后续django连接Mysql时需要输入数据库名称
mysql> create database Platform default charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

4.2 django中配置Mysql

django中关于Mysql的配置：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'Platform',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'Sam_tech_0912',
    }
}

django中其他的部分的配置：

DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*",]

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates"),],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
]

MEDIA_URL = "/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

补充：

关于 Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb

--> yum install MySQL-python

4.3 配置Apache

重点：安装mod_wsgi

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mod_wsgi
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep wsgi
mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64

编辑配置文件 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

# 设定Apache监听的端口号，可以设定多个
Listen 80

# 重点：这句是加载刚刚安装的wsgi模块，有了它django才能部署到Apache上，切记！！！
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so


Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

User apache
Group apache

ServerAdmin root@localhost

ServerName localhost:80

<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>

ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>

    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz



    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>


EnableSendfile on

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

# 我们在/etc/httpd/conf/下新建httpd-vhosts.conf虚拟主机配置文件，完成对80端口的配置
# 这句是告诉Apache去调用httpd-vhosts.conf
# 虚拟主机中的配置参数将覆盖httpd.conf主配置文件中的设定
Include conf/httpd-vhosts.conf

虚拟主机配置文件（关键一步）

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin samliuming@aliyun.com
    DocumentRoot "/home/python_projects/Platform"
    ServerName samlinux01-platform.com
    ServerAlias sam-platform.com
    ErrorLog "logs/platform_error.log"
    CustomLog "logs/platform_access.log" common


    WSGIScriptAlias / "/home/python_projects/Platform/Platform/wsgi.py"
    # 一定要定义python-path到项目目录，否则会报出相关模块无法找到的错误，切记！！！
    WSGIDaemonProcess samlinux01-platform.com python-path=/home/python_projects/Platform:/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages
    WSGIProcessGroup samlinux01-platform.com
    WSGIScriptReloading On
    
    # 设定Apache访问django的项目目录

    Alias /static /home/python_projects/Platform/static
    Alias /media /home/python_projects/Platform/media　　# 注意：将python中django admin的静态文件链接到static目录下，否则会出现登录django admin静态文件404的问题　　# ln -s /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin admin

    <Directory /home/python_projects/Platform/media>
        AllowOverride None
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    <Directory /home/python_projects/Platform/static>
        AllowOverride None
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    <Directory /home/python_projects/Platform/Platform>
        <Files wsgi.py>
            AllowOverride None
            Require all granted
        </Files>
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

注意：每次编辑完成后都需要重启httpd服务使配置生效

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
[Thu Aug 16 20:35:06.439115 2018] [so:warn] [pid 1520] AH01574: module wsgi_module is already loaded, skipping
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

编辑django中的 wsgi.py文件

"""
WSGI config for Platform project.

It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "Platform.settings")

application = get_wsgi_application()

# 添加项目路径到python的环境变量中
# For Apache server
import sys
project_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, project_dir)