//导包
//配置WEB.XML
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter
        .StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>             */
    </filter-mapping>
//加入struts.xml到src下
    <struts>
        //配置扩展名
        <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>
            //package:struts2使用package来组织模块
            //name属性:必须，用于其他的包引用当前包，一定要与项目名一致
            //extends：继承，可以继承所有的配置，通常继承struts-default
            //namespace:可选，若定义了，必须把namespace加进url
            //http://localhost:8080/contextPath/namespace/actionName.action                        
        <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
            <action name="product-input">
                <result>/WEB-INF/pages/input.jsp</result>
            </action>     
            //class是实体类,默认值是：com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport，
            //method为调用的方法,默认值execute() ，返回值为SUCCESS
            //result返回结果
            <action name="product-save" class="com.gmy.entiy.Product" method="save">
                //type是类型 dispatcher转发 redirect重定向 redirectAction重定向到一个
                //Action chain转发到一个Action 默认值是dispatcher
                <result name="details" type="dispatcher">/WEB-INF/pages/details.jsp</result>
                //重定向到Action
            <result name="index" type="redirectAction">
                <param name="actionName">testAction</param>
                <param name="namespace">/gmy</param>
            </result>
            //redirect重定向可以  但是chain转发不可以 通过这种方式
            <result name="index" type="redirect">/gmy/testAction.do</result>
            </action>    
        </package>
        <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default" namespace="/gmy">
            <action name="testAction">
                <result>/WEB-INF/pages/input.jsp</result>
            </action>
        </package>
    </struts>
    
    
    
//表单页面
    //input中的name属性一定要和实体类中的变量对应
    <form action="product-save.action" method="post">
        ProductId:<input type="text" name="productName">
        <br><br>
        ProductDesc:<input type="text" name="productDesc">
        <br><br>
        ProductPrice:<input type="text" name="productPrice">
        <br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
//实体类‘
    public class Product {
        private Integer productId;//变量一定要和name属性对应
        private String productName;
        private String productDesc;
        private double productPrice;
        //geter、seter方法
        //必须要一个空参数构造器，供反射用
    }
    
//Servlet API解耦方式    
    //ActionContext
            //上下文对象
            ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
            //application
            Map<String, Object> application = context.getApplication();
            application.put("applicationString", "applicationString");
            //session
            Map<String, Object> session = context.getSession();
            session.put("sessionString", "sessionString");
            //request
            Map<String, Object> request = (Map<String, Object>) context.get("request");
            request.put("requestString", "requestString");
            //parameters取不到值
            //parameters只能读不能写
            Map<String, Object> parameters = context.getParameters();
            parameters.put("parametersString", "parametersString");
            System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("name"))[0]);
            System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("sex"))[0]);
        
    //实现XXXAware接口    
            private Map<String, Object> application;
            private Map<String, Object> session;
            private Map<String, String[]> parameters;
            private Map<String, Object> request;

            public String tests(){
                application.put("applicationString", "application1");
                session.put("sessionString", "session");
                //不能设值
                parameters.put("parametersString", new String[]{"gmy1","gmy2"});
                request.put("requestString", "request");
                System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("name"))[0]);
                return "success";
            }
            @Override
            public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
                this.application = application;
            }
            @Override
            public void setParameters(Map<String, String[]> parameters) {
                this.parameters = parameters;
            }
            @Override
            public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
                this.request = request;
            }
            @Override
            public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
                this.session = session;
            }

//Servlet API耦合方式        
    //使用ServletAcionContext
        HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
    
    //实现ServletXXXAware接口
        private HttpServletResponse response;
        private ServletContext context;
        private HttpServletRequest request;
        public String tests(){
            return "success";
        }
        @Override
        public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
            this.response = response;
        }
        @Override
        public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
            this.context = context;
        }
        @Override
        public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
            this.request = request;
        }

//值栈
    //${}取得是值栈中的内容，并不是request中的
    //两个逻辑部分
        //Map栈：实际上是OgnlContext类型，是个Map，也是ActionContext的引用，
        //里面保存各种Map：requestMap,sessionMap,applicationMap,parametersMap,attr
            //读取：可以使${requestScope.对象.属性}，也可以通过<s:property 
            //value="#request.对象.属性">
        //对象栈：实际上是CompoundRoot类型，是一个使用ArrayList定义的栈，
        //里边保存各种和当前Action示例相关的对象，是一个数据结构意义的栈
            //读取：可以用${name}，也可以用<s:property value="[0].name">从栈里面第几个开始读

//调用public类的静态字段默认是true例如<s:property value="@java.lang.Math@PI">，
//调用public静态方法默认是false，必须配置<s:property value="@java.lang.Math@cos(0)">
//使用对象栈方法为属性赋值<s:property value="调用seter方法">

//异常
    <global-results>
        <result name="input"></result>
    </global-results>
    <global-exception-mappings>
        <exception-mapping result="input" exception="java.lang.ArithmeticException">
        </exception-mapping>
    </global-exception-mappings>

//对于Map栈，打印request,session,application,parameters的某个属性值或某个请求参数
    <s:property value="#session.date">
    <s:property value="#parameters.date[0]">
    
//创建一个URL字符串
    <s:url value"/getProduct" var="url">
        <s:param name="productId" value="2002"></s:param>
    </s:url>
    
    //取值栈中的属性,对于value值自动ognl解析，若不进行，用单引号
    <s:url value"/getProduct" var="url">
        <s:param name="productId" value="productId"></s:param>
    </s:url>
    
//set标签：在request,session,application，page域加入属性值
<s:set name="productName" value="productName" scope="request"></s:set>
productName:${requestScope.productName}

//push标签:把对象在标签开始后压入到值栈中，在标签结束时，弹出值栈
    <s:push value="#request.person">
        ${name}//这里取值有效
    </s:push>
    ${name}//这里取值无效

//if，else标签，可以直接是使用值栈中的属性
    <s:if test="productPrice > 1000">
        I7处理器
    </s:if>
    <s:elseif test="productPrice >800">
        I5处理器
    </s:elseif>
    <s:else>
        I3处理器
    </s:else>

//iterator标签:遍历集合，把集合的每个元素放到栈顶
    <s:iterator value="#request.person">
        ${name}-${age}//取得到
    </s:iterator>
    ${name}-${age}//取不到

//sort标签：可以对集合元素进行排序
    <s:srot comparator="#request.comparator" source="persons" var="persons2"></s:sort>

//date标签：可以对Date对象进行排版
    <s:date name="#session.date" format="yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss" var="date2"/>
    date:${date2}

//a:标签:用%{}都属性进行强制ognl解析
    <s:a href="getPerson.action?name=%{name}">${}</s:a>

//表单标签：可以自动回显 
    <s:form action="save">
        <s:hidden name=""></s:hidden>
        <s:textfield name="userName" label="UserName"></s:textfield>
        <s:password name="password" label="Password"></s:password>
        <s:textarea name="desc" label="Desc"></s:textarea>
        <s:submit></s:submit>
    </s:form>

//checkbox标签：
    <s:checkbox name="married" label="Married"></s:checkbox>

//radio标签：使用#{}创建Map
    <s:radio name="gender" list="#{'1':'Male','0':'Female'}" label="Gender"></s:radio>

//checkboxlist标签：
    <s:checkboxlist list="#request.cities" listKey="cityId" listValue="cityName" 
    label="City" name="city"></s:checkboxlist>

//select标签:使用{}创建LIST
    <s:select list="{11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}" headerKey="" headerValue="请选择" 
    label="Age" name="age">
        <s:optgroup label="21-30" list="#{21:21}"></s:optgroup>
        <s:optgroup label="31-40" list="#{31:31}"></s:optgroup>
    </s:select>
    
//theme属性
        //可以在标签中增加theme属性
        //在request.setAttribute("theme","simple");
        //可以改成全局的在struts.xml 默认是xhtml  <constant name="struts.ui.theme"
         value="simple"></constant>
    
    
//例
        //加入Jar包
        //配置web.xml
             <filter>
                <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
                <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter
                .StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
            </filter>

            <filter-mapping>
                <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
                <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>*/
            </filter-mapping>
        //配置struts.xml
        <struts>
            //配置扩展名
            <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do,"></constant>
            <package name="s2-5" extends="struts-default">
                //自定义拦截器栈
                <interceptors>
                    <interceptor-stack name="gmy">
                        <interceptor-ref name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
                            <param name="prepare.alwaysInvokePrepare">false</param>
                        </interceptor-ref>
                    </interceptor-stack>
                </interceptors>
         
                <default-interceptor-ref name="gmy"/>
                
                <action name="emp-*" class="com.gmy.app.EmployeeAction" method="{1}">
                    <result name="{1}">emp-{1}.jsp</result>
                    <result type="redirectAction">emp-list</result>
                </action>     
            </package>
        </struts>
        
        //EmployeeAction
        public class EmployeeAction implements RequestAware,ModelDriven<Employee>,
        Preparable{
            private Dao dao = new Dao();
            private Employee emp;
            public String update(){
                dao.update(emp);
                return "success";
            }
            public void prepareUpdate(){
                emp = new Employee();
            }
            public String edit(){
                return "edit";
            }
            public void prepareEdit(){
                emp = dao.get(empId);
            }
            public String save(){
                dao.save(emp);
                return "success";
            }
            public void prepareSave(){
                emp = new Employee();
            }
            public String delete(){
                dao.delete(empId);
                return "success";
            }
            public String list(){
                arg0.put("emps", dao.getEmployees());
                return "list";
            }
            private Integer empId;
            public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
                this.empId = empId;
            }
            private Map<String, Object> arg0;
            @Override
            public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
                this.arg0 = arg0;
            }
            @Override
            public Employee getModel() {
                if(empId == null)
                    emp = new Employee();
                else
                    emp = dao.get(empId);
                return emp;
            }
            @Override
            public void prepare() throws Exception {
                System.out.println("prepare...");
            }
        }
        
        //Dao
        public class Dao {
            private static Map<Integer, Employee> emps = 
            new LinkedHashMap<Integer, Employee>();
            static{
                emps.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "AA", "AA", "AA@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "BB", "BB", "BB@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "CC", "CC", "CC@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "DD", "DD", "DD@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "DD", "DD", "DD@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1006, new Employee(1006, "EE", "EE", "EE@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1007, new Employee(1007, "FF", "FF", "FF@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1008, new Employee(1008, "GG", "GG", "GG@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(1009, new Employee(1009, "HH", "HH", "HH@gmy.com"));
                emps.put(10010, new Employee(10010, "II", "II", "II@gmy.com"));
            }
            public List<Employee> getEmployees(){
                return new ArrayList<Employee>(emps.values());
            }
            public void delete(Integer empId){
                emps.remove(empId);
            }
            public void save(Employee emp){
                emp.setEmpId((int)System.currentTimeMillis());
                emps.put(emp.getEmpId(), emp);
            }
            public Employee get(Integer empId){
                 return emps.get(empId);
            }
            public void update(Employee emp){
                emps.put(emp.getEmpId(), emp);
            }
        }
        
        //Employee
        public class Employee {
            private Integer empId;
            private String firstName;
            private String lastName;
            private String email;
            public Integer getEmpId() {
                return empId;
            }
            public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
                this.empId = empId;
            }
            public String getFirstName() {
                return firstName;
            }
            public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
                this.firstName = firstName;
            }
            public String getLastName() {
                return lastName;
            }
            public void setLastName(String lastName) {
                this.lastName = lastName;
            }
            public String getEmail() {
                return email;
            }
            public void setEmail(String email) {
                this.email = email;
            }
            public Employee(Integer empId, String firstName, String lastName,
                    String email) {
                super();
                this.empId = empId;
                this.firstName = firstName;
                this.lastName = lastName;
                this.email = email;
            }
            public Employee() {
                // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
            }
        }
            
        //index.jsp
        <body>
        <a href="emp-list.do">Emp List</a>
        </body>        
                    
        //emp-list.jsp
        <body>
        <!-- 
            private Integer empId;
            private String firstName;
            private String lastName;
            private String email;
         -->
        <s:debug></s:debug>
            <s:form action="emp-save.do">
                <s:textfield name="firstName" label="FirstName"></s:textfield>
                <s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
                <s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
                <s:submit></s:submit>
            </s:form>
        <br><br>
            <table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1">
                <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <td>ID</td>
                        <td>FirstName</td>
                        <td>LastName</td>
                        <td>Email</td>
                        <td>Edit</td>
                        <td>Delete</td>
                    </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    <s:iterator value="#request.emps">
                        <tr>
                            <td>${empId}</td>
                            <td>${firstName}</td>
                            <td>${lastName}</td>
                            <td>${email}</td>
                            <td><a href="emp-edit.do?empId=${ empId}">Edit</a></td>
                            <td><a href="emp-delete.do?empId=${ empId}">Delete</a></td>
                        </tr>
                    </s:iterator>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </body>    
            
        //emp-edit.jsp
        <body>
            <s:form action="emp-update.do">
                <s:hidden name="empId" ></s:hidden>
                <s:textfield name="firstName" label="FirstName"></s:textfield>
                <s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
                <s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
                <s:submit></s:submit>
            </s:form>
        </body>        
            
//错误消息显示
        //1、继承ActionSupport
        //2、配置<result name="input">标签
        //3、在Action所在包内创建properties文件，例如UserAction.java，UserAction
        //.properties，UserAction.properties增加内容invalid.fieldvalue.age=...
        //可以通过debug标签看值栈中的属性 ，${fieldErrors.age[0]}
        //也可以通过标签<s:fielderror filedName="age"></s:fielderror>
                //提出ul li span，在src下，新建template.simple包，在新建fielderror.ftl文件
                <#if fieldErrors??><#t/>
                    <#assign eKeys = fieldErrors.keySet()><#t/>
                    <#assign eKeysSize = eKeys.size()><#t/>
                    <#assign doneStartUlTag=false><#t/>
                    <#assign doneEndUlTag=false><#t/>
                    <#assign haveMatchedErrorField=false><#t/>
                    <#if (fieldErrorFieldNames?size > 0) ><#t/>
                        <#list fieldErrorFieldNames as fieldErrorFieldName><#t/>
                            <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
                                <#if (eKey = fieldErrorFieldName)><#t/>
                                    <#assign haveMatchedErrorField=true><#t/>
                                    <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[fieldErrorFieldName]><#t/>
                                    <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneStartUlTag))><#t/>            
                                        <#assign doneStartUlTag=true><#t/>
                                    </#if><#t/>
                                    <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
                                        <#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}<#else>${eEachValue!}</#if>
                                    </#list><#t/>
                                </#if><#t/>
                            </#list><#t/>
                        </#list><#t/>
                        <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneEndUlTag))><#t/>                        
                            <#assign doneEndUlTag=true><#t/>
                        </#if><#t/>
                        <#else><#t/>
                        <#if (eKeysSize > 0)><#t/>
                            <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
                                <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[eKey]><#t/>
                                <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
                                    <#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}
                                    <#else>${eEachValue!}</#if>
                                </#list><#t/>
                            </#list><#t/>
                        </#if><#t/>
                    </#if><#t/>
                </#if><#t/>

//自定义转换器            
                
                
                
//国际化
    //在struts.xml文件中加入<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources"
    // value="i18n"></constant>
    //在src下新建i18n_en_US.properties和i18n_zh_CN.properties文件
    //在标签中不使用label标签，而使用key标签，label中要使用的必须label="%{getText('submit')}"
            
//通过超链接来切换语言
    <a href="testI18n.action?request_locale=en_US">English</a>        
    <a href="testI18n.action?request_locale=zh_CN">中文</a>            
            
//验证文件
    //1、将struts-2.3.20\apps\struts2-blank\WEB-INF\classes\example下
    //的Login-validation.xml复制到Action所在包下
    //把Login的名字改为当前Action的名字
    <field name="age">
        <field-validator type="int">
            <param name="min">20</param>
            <param name="max">50</param>
            <message key="">..${min}.${max}...</message>//也是使用国际化
        </field-validator>
    </field>