使用valgrind进行性能分析，过程如下：
*** @Ubuntu :/Performance$ valgrind --tool=callgrind ./mt/Performance$ ls
==7389== Callgrind, a call-graph generating cache profiler
==7389== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Josef Weidendorfer et al.
==7389== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==7389== Command: ./mt
==7389==
==7389== For interactive control, run 'callgrind_control -h'.
==7389==
==7389== Events : Ir
==7389== Collected : 231867136
==7389==
==7389== I refs: 231,867,136
Profiling timer expired
*** @ubuntu :
callgrind.out.7389 gmon.out gprof2dot.py gprof.dot gprof.png map_test.cpp mt prof.log
*** @ubuntu :/Performance$ python gprof2dot.py -f callgrind -n10 -s callgrind.out.7389 > valgrind.dot/Performance$ xdot valgrind.dot 或 dot -Tpng valgrind.dot -o valgrind.png
*** @ubuntu :
首先，使用valgrind运行程序，会生成callgrind.out.7389，其中7389是运行程序的进程号，值得一提的是，valgrind还可以做其他很多事情，比如内存泄漏的检测等。
其次，使用gprof2dot.py生成dot文件。
需下载安装graphviz和valgrind
gprof2dot.py代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2008-2009 Jose Fonseca
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
"""Generate a dot graph from the output of several profilers."""
__author__ = "Jose Fonseca"
__version__ = "1.0"
import sys
import math
import os.path
import re
import textwrap
import optparse
import xml.parsers.expat
import collections
try:
# Debugging helper module
import debug
except ImportError:
pass
def times(x):
return u"%u\xd7" % (x,)
def percentage(p):
return "%.02f%%" % (p*100.0,)
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def equal(a, b):
if a == b:
return a
else:
return None
def fail(a, b):
assert False
tol = 2 ** -23
def ratio(numerator, denominator):
try:
ratio = float(numerator)/float(denominator)
except ZeroDivisionError:
# 0/0 is undefined, but 1.0 yields more useful results
return 1.0
if ratio < 0.0:
if ratio < -tol:
sys.stderr.write('warning: negative ratio (%s/%s)\n' % (numerator, denominator))
return 0.0
if ratio > 1.0:
if ratio > 1.0 + tol:
sys.stderr.write('warning: ratio greater than one (%s/%s)\n' % (numerator, denominator))
return 1.0
return ratio
class UndefinedEvent(Exception):
"""Raised when attempting to get an event which is undefined."""
def __init__(self, event):
Exception.__init__(self)
self.event = event
def __str__(self):
return 'unspecified event %s' % self.event.name
class Event(object):
"""Describe a kind of event, and its basic operations."""
def __init__(self, name, null, aggregator, formatter = str):
self.name = name
self._null = null
self._aggregator = aggregator
self._formatter = formatter
def __eq__(self, other):
return self is other
def __hash__(self):
return id(self)
def null(self):
return self._null
def aggregate(self, val1, val2):
"""Aggregate two event values."""
assert val1 is not None
assert val2 is not None
return self._aggregator(val1, val2)
def format(self, val):
"""Format an event value."""
assert val is not None
return self._formatter(val)
CALLS = Event("Calls", 0, add, times)
SAMPLES = Event("Samples", 0, add)
SAMPLES2 = Event("Samples", 0, add)
TIME = Event("Time", 0.0, add, lambda x: '(' + str(x) + ')')
TIME_RATIO = Event("Time ratio", 0.0, add, lambda x: '(' + percentage(x) + ')')
TOTAL_TIME = Event("Total time", 0.0, fail)
TOTAL_TIME_RATIO = Event("Total time ratio", 0.0, fail, percentage)
class Object(object):
"""Base class for all objects in profile which can store events."""
def __init__(self, events=None):
if events is None:
self.events = {}
else:
self.events = events
def __hash__(self):
return id(self)
def __eq__(self, other):
return self is other
def __contains__(self, event):
return event in self.events
def __getitem__(self, event):
try:
return self.events[event]
except KeyError:
raise UndefinedEvent(event)
def __setitem__(self, event, value):
if value is None:
if event in self.events:
del self.events[event]
else:
self.events[event] = value
class Call(Object):
"""A call between functions.
There should be at most one call object for every pair of functions.
"""
def __init__(self, callee_id):
Object.__init__(self)
self.callee_id = callee_id
self.ratio = None
self.weight = None
class Function(Object):
"""A function."""
def __init__(self, id, name):
Object.__init__(self)
self.id = id
self.name = name
self.module = None
self.process = None
self.calls = {}
self.called = None
self.weight = None
self.cycle = None
def add_call(self, call):
if call.callee_id in self.calls:
sys.stderr.write('warning: overwriting call from function %s to %s\n' % (str(self.id), str(call.callee_id)))
self.calls[call.callee_id] = call
def get_call(self, callee_id):
if not callee_id in self.calls:
call = Call(callee_id)
call[SAMPLES] = 0
call[SAMPLES2] = 0
call[CALLS] = 0
self.calls[callee_id] = call
return self.calls[callee_id]
_parenthesis_re = re.compile(r'\([^()]*\)')
_angles_re = re.compile(r'<[^<>]*>')
_const_re = re.compile(r'\s+const$')
def stripped_name(self):
"""Remove extraneous information from C++ demangled function names."""
name = self.name
# Strip function parameters from name by recursively removing paired parenthesis
while True:
name, n = self._parenthesis_re.subn('', name)
if not n:
break
# Strip const qualifier
name = self._const_re.sub('', name)
# Strip template parameters from name by recursively removing paired angles
while True:
name, n = self._angles_re.subn('', name)
if not n:
break
return name
# TODO: write utility functions
def __repr__(self):
return self.name
class Cycle(Object):
"""A cycle made from recursive function calls."""
def __init__(self):
Object.__init__(self)
# XXX: Do cycles need an id?
self.functions = set()
def add_function(self, function):
assert function not in self.functions
self.functions.add(function)
# XXX: Aggregate events?
if function.cycle is not None:
for other in function.cycle.functions:
if function not in self.functions:
self.add_function(other)
function.cycle = self
class Profile(Object):
"""The whole profile."""
def __init__(self):
Object.__init__(self)
self.functions = {}
self.cycles = []
def add_function(self, function):
if function.id in self.functions:
sys.stderr.write('warning: overwriting function %s (id %s)\n' % (function.name, str(function.id)))
self.functions[function.id] = function
def add_cycle(self, cycle):
self.cycles.append(cycle)
def validate(self):
"""Validate the edges."""
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
for callee_id in function.calls.keys():
assert function.calls[callee_id].callee_id == callee_id
if callee_id not in self.functions:
sys.stderr.write('warning: call to undefined function %s from function %s\n' % (str(callee_id), function.name))
del function.calls[callee_id]
def find_cycles(self):
"""Find cycles using Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm."""
# Apply the Tarjan's algorithm successively until all functions are visited
visited = set()
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
if function not in visited:
self._tarjan(function, 0, [], {}, {}, visited)
cycles = []
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
if function.cycle is not None and function.cycle not in cycles:
cycles.append(function.cycle)
self.cycles = cycles
if 0:
for cycle in cycles:
sys.stderr.write("Cycle:\n")
for member in cycle.functions:
sys.stderr.write("\tFunction %s\n" % member.name)
def prune_root(self, root):
visited = set()
frontier = set([root])
while len(frontier) > 0:
node = frontier.pop()
visited.add(node)
f = self.functions[node]
newNodes = f.calls.keys()
frontier = frontier.union(set(newNodes) - visited)
subtreeFunctions = {}
for n in visited:
subtreeFunctions[n] = self.functions[n]
self.functions = subtreeFunctions
def prune_leaf(self, leaf):
edgesUp = collections.defaultdict(set)
for f in self.functions.keys():
for n in self.functions[f].calls.keys():
edgesUp[n].add(f)
# build the tree up
visited = set()
frontier = set([leaf])
while len(frontier) > 0:
node = frontier.pop()
visited.add(node)
frontier = frontier.union(edgesUp[node] - visited)
downTree = set(self.functions.keys())
upTree = visited
path = downTree.intersection(upTree)
pathFunctions = {}
for n in path:
f = self.functions[n]
newCalls = {}
for c in f.calls.keys():
if c in path:
newCalls[c] = f.calls[c]
f.calls = newCalls
pathFunctions[n] = f
self.functions = pathFunctions
def getFunctionId(self, funcName):
for f in self.functions:
if self.functions[f].name == funcName:
return f
return False
def _tarjan(self, function, order, stack, orders, lowlinks, visited):
"""Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm.
See also:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan's_strongly_connected_components_algorithm
"""
visited.add(function)
orders[function] = order
lowlinks[function] = order
order += 1
pos = len(stack)
stack.append(function)
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
# TODO: use a set to optimize lookup
if callee not in orders:
order = self._tarjan(callee, order, stack, orders, lowlinks, visited)
lowlinks[function] = min(lowlinks[function], lowlinks[callee])
elif callee in stack:
lowlinks[function] = min(lowlinks[function], orders[callee])
if lowlinks[function] == orders[function]:
# Strongly connected component found
members = stack[pos:]
del stack[pos:]
if len(members) > 1:
cycle = Cycle()
for member in members:
cycle.add_function(member)
return order
def call_ratios(self, event):
# Aggregate for incoming calls
cycle_totals = {}
for cycle in self.cycles:
cycle_totals[cycle] = 0.0
function_totals = {}
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
function_totals[function] = 0.0
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
if call.callee_id != function.id:
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
function_totals[callee] += call[event]
if callee.cycle is not None and callee.cycle is not function.cycle:
cycle_totals[callee.cycle] += call[event]
# Compute the ratios
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
assert call.ratio is None
if call.callee_id != function.id:
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
if callee.cycle is not None and callee.cycle is not function.cycle:
total = cycle_totals[callee.cycle]
else:
total = function_totals[callee]
call.ratio = ratio(call[event], total)
def integrate(self, outevent, inevent):
"""Propagate function time ratio allong the function calls.
Must be called after finding the cycles.
See also:
- http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/graham82gprof.html
"""
# Sanity checking
assert outevent not in self
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
assert outevent not in function
assert inevent in function
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
assert outevent not in call
if call.callee_id != function.id:
assert call.ratio is not None
# Aggregate the input for each cycle
for cycle in self.cycles:
total = inevent.null()
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
total = inevent.aggregate(total, function[inevent])
self[inevent] = total
# Integrate along the edges
total = inevent.null()
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
total = inevent.aggregate(total, function[inevent])
self._integrate_function(function, outevent, inevent)
self[outevent] = total
def _integrate_function(self, function, outevent, inevent):
if function.cycle is not None:
return self._integrate_cycle(function.cycle, outevent, inevent)
else:
if outevent not in function:
total = function[inevent]
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
if call.callee_id != function.id:
total += self._integrate_call(call, outevent, inevent)
function[outevent] = total
return function[outevent]
def _integrate_call(self, call, outevent, inevent):
assert outevent not in call
assert call.ratio is not None
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
subtotal = call.ratio *self._integrate_function(callee, outevent, inevent)
call[outevent] = subtotal
return subtotal
def _integrate_cycle(self, cycle, outevent, inevent):
if outevent not in cycle:
# Compute the outevent for the whole cycle
total = inevent.null()
for member in cycle.functions:
subtotal = member[inevent]
for call in member.calls.itervalues():
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
if callee.cycle is not cycle:
subtotal += self._integrate_call(call, outevent, inevent)
total += subtotal
cycle[outevent] = total
# Compute the time propagated to callers of this cycle
callees = {}
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
if function.cycle is not cycle:
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
if callee.cycle is cycle:
try:
callees[callee] += call.ratio
except KeyError:
callees[callee] = call.ratio
for member in cycle.functions:
member[outevent] = outevent.null()
for callee, call_ratio in callees.iteritems():
ranks = {}
call_ratios = {}
partials = {}
self._rank_cycle_function(cycle, callee, 0, ranks)
self._call_ratios_cycle(cycle, callee, ranks, call_ratios, set())
partial = self._integrate_cycle_function(cycle, callee, call_ratio, partials, ranks, call_ratios, outevent, inevent)
assert partial == max(partials.values())
assert not total or abs(1.0 - partial/(call_ratio*total)) <= 0.001
return cycle[outevent]
def _rank_cycle_function(self, cycle, function, rank, ranks):
if function not in ranks or ranks[function] > rank:
ranks[function] = rank
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
if call.callee_id != function.id:
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
if callee.cycle is cycle:
self._rank_cycle_function(cycle, callee, rank + 1, ranks)
def _call_ratios_cycle(self, cycle, function, ranks, call_ratios, visited):
if function not in visited:
visited.add(function)
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
if call.callee_id != function.id:
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
if callee.cycle is cycle:
if ranks[callee] > ranks[function]:
call_ratios[callee] = call_ratios.get(callee, 0.0) + call.ratio
self._call_ratios_cycle(cycle, callee, ranks, call_ratios, visited)
def _integrate_cycle_function(self, cycle, function, partial_ratio, partials, ranks, call_ratios, outevent, inevent):
if function not in partials:
partial = partial_ratio*function[inevent]
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
if call.callee_id != function.id:
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
if callee.cycle is not cycle:
assert outevent in call
partial += partial_ratio*call[outevent]
else:
if ranks[callee] > ranks[function]:
callee_partial = self._integrate_cycle_function(cycle, callee, partial_ratio, partials, ranks, call_ratios, outevent, inevent)
call_ratio = ratio(call.ratio, call_ratios[callee])
call_partial = call_ratio*callee_partial
try:
call[outevent] += call_partial
except UndefinedEvent:
call[outevent] = call_partial
partial += call_partial
partials[function] = partial
try:
function[outevent] += partial
except UndefinedEvent:
function[outevent] = partial
return partials[function]
def aggregate(self, event):
"""Aggregate an event for the whole profile."""
total = event.null()
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
try:
total = event.aggregate(total, function[event])
except UndefinedEvent:
return
self[event] = total
def ratio(self, outevent, inevent):
assert outevent not in self
assert inevent in self
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
assert outevent not in function
assert inevent in function
function[outevent] = ratio(function[inevent], self[inevent])
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
assert outevent not in call
if inevent in call:
call[outevent] = ratio(call[inevent], self[inevent])
self[outevent] = 1.0
def prune(self, node_thres, edge_thres):
"""Prune the profile"""
# compute the prune ratios
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
try:
function.weight = function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO]
except UndefinedEvent:
pass
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
if TOTAL_TIME_RATIO in call:
# handle exact cases first
call.weight = call[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO]
else:
try:
# make a safe estimate
call.weight = min(function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO], callee[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO])
except UndefinedEvent:
pass
# prune the nodes
for function_id in self.functions.keys():
function = self.functions[function_id]
if function.weight is not None:
if function.weight < node_thres:
del self.functions[function_id]
# prune the egdes
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
for callee_id in function.calls.keys():
call = function.calls[callee_id]
if callee_id not in self.functions or call.weight is not None and call.weight < edge_thres:
del function.calls[callee_id]
def dump(self):
for function in self.functions.itervalues():
sys.stderr.write('Function %s:\n' % (function.name,))
self._dump_events(function.events)
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
callee = self.functions[call.callee_id]
sys.stderr.write(' Call %s:\n' % (callee.name,))
self._dump_events(call.events)
for cycle in self.cycles:
sys.stderr.write('Cycle:\n')
self._dump_events(cycle.events)
for function in cycle.functions:
sys.stderr.write(' Function %s\n' % (function.name,))
def _dump_events(self, events):
for event, value in events.iteritems():
sys.stderr.write(' %s: %s\n' % (event.name, event.format(value)))
class Struct:
"""Masquerade a dictionary with a structure-like behavior."""
def __init__(self, attrs = None):
if attrs is None:
attrs = {}
self.__dict__['_attrs'] = attrs
def __getattr__(self, name):
try:
return self._attrs[name]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(name)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
self._attrs[name] = value
def __str__(self):
return str(self._attrs)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._attrs)
class ParseError(Exception):
"""Raised when parsing to signal mismatches."""
def __init__(self, msg, line):
self.msg = msg
# TODO: store more source line information
self.line = line
def __str__(self):
return '%s: %r' % (self.msg, self.line)
class Parser:
"""Parser interface."""
def __init__(self):
pass
def parse(self):
raise NotImplementedError
class LineParser(Parser):
"""Base class for parsers that read line-based formats."""
def __init__(self, file):
Parser.__init__(self)
self._file = file
self.__line = None
self.__eof = False
self.line_no = 0
def readline(self):
line = self._file.readline()
if not line:
self.__line = ''
self.__eof = True
else:
self.line_no += 1
self.__line = line.rstrip('\r\n')
def lookahead(self):
assert self.__line is not None
return self.__line
def consume(self):
assert self.__line is not None
line = self.__line
self.readline()
return line
def eof(self):
assert self.__line is not None
return self.__eof
XML_ELEMENT_START, XML_ELEMENT_END, XML_CHARACTER_DATA, XML_EOF = range(4)
class XmlToken:
def __init__(self, type, name_or_data, attrs = None, line = None, column = None):
assert type in (XML_ELEMENT_START, XML_ELEMENT_END, XML_CHARACTER_DATA, XML_EOF)
self.type = type
self.name_or_data = name_or_data
self.attrs = attrs
self.line = line
self.column = column
def __str__(self):
if self.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
return '<' + self.name_or_data + ' ...>'
if self.type == XML_ELEMENT_END:
return '</' + self.name_or_data + '>'
if self.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
return self.name_or_data
if self.type == XML_EOF:
return 'end of file'
assert 0
class XmlTokenizer:
"""Expat based XML tokenizer."""
def __init__(self, fp, skip_ws = True):
self.fp = fp
self.tokens = []
self.index = 0
self.final = False
self.skip_ws = skip_ws
self.character_pos = 0, 0
self.character_data = ''
self.parser = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate()
self.parser.StartElementHandler = self.handle_element_start
self.parser.EndElementHandler = self.handle_element_end
self.parser.CharacterDataHandler = self.handle_character_data
def handle_element_start(self, name, attributes):
self.finish_character_data()
line, column = self.pos()
token = XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_START, name, attributes, line, column)
self.tokens.append(token)
def handle_element_end(self, name):
self.finish_character_data()
line, column = self.pos()
token = XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_END, name, None, line, column)
self.tokens.append(token)
def handle_character_data(self, data):
if not self.character_data:
self.character_pos = self.pos()
self.character_data += data
def finish_character_data(self):
if self.character_data:
if not self.skip_ws or not self.character_data.isspace():
line, column = self.character_pos
token = XmlToken(XML_CHARACTER_DATA, self.character_data, None, line, column)
self.tokens.append(token)
self.character_data = ''
def next(self):
size = 16*1024
while self.index >= len(self.tokens) and not self.final:
self.tokens = []
self.index = 0
data = self.fp.read(size)
self.final = len(data) < size
try:
self.parser.Parse(data, self.final)
except xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError, e:
#if e.code == xml.parsers.expat.errors.XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS:
if e.code == 3:
pass
else:
raise e
if self.index >= len(self.tokens):
line, column = self.pos()
token = XmlToken(XML_EOF, None, None, line, column)
else:
token = self.tokens[self.index]
self.index += 1
return token
def pos(self):
return self.parser.CurrentLineNumber, self.parser.CurrentColumnNumber
class XmlTokenMismatch(Exception):
def __init__(self, expected, found):
self.expected = expected
self.found = found
def __str__(self):
return '%u:%u: %s expected, %s found' % (self.found.line, self.found.column, str(self.expected), str(self.found))
class XmlParser(Parser):
"""Base XML document parser."""
def __init__(self, fp):
Parser.__init__(self)
self.tokenizer = XmlTokenizer(fp)
self.consume()
def consume(self):
self.token = self.tokenizer.next()
def match_element_start(self, name):
return self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START and self.token.name_or_data == name
def match_element_end(self, name):
return self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_END and self.token.name_or_data == name
def element_start(self, name):
while self.token.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
self.consume()
if self.token.type != XML_ELEMENT_START:
raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_START, name), self.token)
if self.token.name_or_data != name:
raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_START, name), self.token)
attrs = self.token.attrs
self.consume()
return attrs
def element_end(self, name):
while self.token.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
self.consume()
if self.token.type != XML_ELEMENT_END:
raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_END, name), self.token)
if self.token.name_or_data != name:
raise XmlTokenMismatch(XmlToken(XML_ELEMENT_END, name), self.token)
self.consume()
def character_data(self, strip = True):
data = ''
while self.token.type == XML_CHARACTER_DATA:
data += self.token.name_or_data
self.consume()
if strip:
data = data.strip()
return data
class GprofParser(Parser):
"""Parser for GNU gprof output.
See also:
- Chapter "Interpreting gprof's Output" from the GNU gprof manual
http://sourceware.org/binutils/docs-2.18/gprof/Call-Graph.html#Call-Graph
- File "cg_print.c" from the GNU gprof source code
http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/~checkout~/src/gprof/cg_print.c?rev=1.12&cvsroot=src
"""
def __init__(self, fp):
Parser.__init__(self)
self.fp = fp
self.functions = {}
self.cycles = {}
def readline(self):
line = self.fp.readline()
if not line:
sys.stderr.write('error: unexpected end of file\n')
sys.exit(1)
line = line.rstrip('\r\n')
return line
_int_re = re.compile(r'^\d+$')
_float_re = re.compile(r'^\d+\.\d+$')
def translate(self, mo):
"""Extract a structure from a match object, while translating the types in the process."""
attrs = {}
groupdict = mo.groupdict()
for name, value in groupdict.iteritems():
if value is None:
value = None
elif self._int_re.match(value):
value = int(value)
elif self._float_re.match(value):
value = float(value)
attrs[name] = (value)
return Struct(attrs)
_cg_header_re = re.compile(
# original gprof header
r'^\s+called/total\s+parents\s*$|' +
r'^index\s+%time\s+self\s+descendents\s+called\+self\s+name\s+index\s*$|' +
r'^\s+called/total\s+children\s*$|' +
# GNU gprof header
r'^index\s+%\s+time\s+self\s+children\s+called\s+name\s*$'
)
_cg_ignore_re = re.compile(
# spontaneous
r'^\s+<spontaneous>\s*$|'
# internal calls (such as "mcount")
r'^.*\((\d+)\)$'
)
_cg_primary_re = re.compile(
r'^\[(?P<index>\d+)\]?' +
r'\s+(?P<percentage_time>\d+\.\d+)' +
r'\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)' +
r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)' +
r'\s+(?:(?P<called>\d+)(?:\+(?P<called_self>\d+))?)?' +
r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
r'\s\[(\d+)\]$'
)
_cg_parent_re = re.compile(
r'^\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)?' +
r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)?' +
r'\s+(?P<called>\d+)(?:/(?P<called_total>\d+))?' +
r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
r'\s\[(?P<index>\d+)\]$'
)
_cg_child_re = _cg_parent_re
_cg_cycle_header_re = re.compile(
r'^\[(?P<index>\d+)\]?' +
r'\s+(?P<percentage_time>\d+\.\d+)' +
r'\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)' +
r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)' +
r'\s+(?:(?P<called>\d+)(?:\+(?P<called_self>\d+))?)?' +
r'\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)\sas\sa\swhole>' +
r'\s\[(\d+)\]$'
)
_cg_cycle_member_re = re.compile(
r'^\s+(?P<self>\d+\.\d+)?' +
r'\s+(?P<descendants>\d+\.\d+)?' +
r'\s+(?P<called>\d+)(?:\+(?P<called_self>\d+))?' +
r'\s+(?P<name>\S.*?)' +
r'(?:\s+<cycle\s(?P<cycle>\d+)>)?' +
r'\s\[(?P<index>\d+)\]$'
)
_cg_sep_re = re.compile(r'^--+$')
def parse_function_entry(self, lines):
parents = []
children = []
while True:
if not lines:
sys.stderr.write('warning: unexpected end of entry\n')
line = lines.pop(0)
if line.startswith('['):
break
# read function parent line
mo = self._cg_parent_re.match(line)
if not mo:
if self._cg_ignore_re.match(line):
continue
sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
else:
parent = self.translate(mo)
parents.append(parent)
# read primary line
mo = self._cg_primary_re.match(line)
if not mo:
sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
return
else:
function = self.translate(mo)
while lines:
line = lines.pop(0)
# read function subroutine line
mo = self._cg_child_re.match(line)
if not mo:
if self._cg_ignore_re.match(line):
continue
sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
else:
child = self.translate(mo)
children.append(child)
function.parents = parents
function.children = children
self.functions[function.index] = function
def parse_cycle_entry(self, lines):
# read cycle header line
line = lines[0]
mo = self._cg_cycle_header_re.match(line)
if not mo:
sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
return
cycle = self.translate(mo)
# read cycle member lines
cycle.functions = []
for line in lines[1:]:
mo = self._cg_cycle_member_re.match(line)
if not mo:
sys.stderr.write('warning: unrecognized call graph entry: %r\n' % line)
continue
call = self.translate(mo)
cycle.functions.append(call)
self.cycles[cycle.cycle] = cycle
def parse_cg_entry(self, lines):
if lines[0].startswith("["):
self.parse_cycle_entry(lines)
else:
self.parse_function_entry(lines)
def parse_cg(self):
"""Parse the call graph."""
# skip call graph header
while not self._cg_header_re.match(self.readline()):
pass
line = self.readline()
while self._cg_header_re.match(line):
line = self.readline()
# process call graph entries
entry_lines = []
while line != '\014': # form feed
if line and not line.isspace():
if self._cg_sep_re.match(line):
self.parse_cg_entry(entry_lines)
entry_lines = []
else:
entry_lines.append(line)
line = self.readline()
def parse(self):
self.parse_cg()
self.fp.close()
profile = Profile()
profile[TIME] = 0.0
cycles = {}
for index in self.cycles.iterkeys():
cycles[index] = Cycle()
for entry in self.functions.itervalues():
# populate the function
function = Function(entry.index, entry.name)
function[TIME] = entry.self
if entry.called is not None:
function.called = entry.called
if entry.called_self is not None:
call = Call(entry.index)
call[CALLS] = entry.called_self
function.called += entry.called_self
# populate the function calls
for child in entry.children:
call = Call(child.index)
assert child.called is not None
call[CALLS] = child.called
if child.index not in self.functions:
# NOTE: functions that were never called but were discovered by gprof's
# static call graph analysis dont have a call graph entry so we need
# to add them here
missing = Function(child.index, child.name)
function[TIME] = 0.0
function.called = 0
profile.add_function(missing)
function.add_call(call)
profile.add_function(function)
if entry.cycle is not None:
try:
cycle = cycles[entry.cycle]
except KeyError:
sys.stderr.write('warning: <cycle %u as a whole> entry missing\n' % entry.cycle)
cycle = Cycle()
cycles[entry.cycle] = cycle
cycle.add_function(function)
profile[TIME] = profile[TIME] + function[TIME]
for cycle in cycles.itervalues():
profile.add_cycle(cycle)
# Compute derived events
profile.validate()
profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, TIME)
profile.call_ratios(CALLS)
profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME, TIME)
profile.ratio(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TOTAL_TIME)
return profile
class CallgrindParser(LineParser):
"""Parser for valgrind's callgrind tool.
See also:
- http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-format.html
"""
_call_re = re.compile('^calls=\s*(\d+)\s+((\d+|\+\d+|-\d+|\*)\s+)+$')
def __init__(self, infile):
LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
# Textual positions
self.position_ids = {}
self.positions = {}
# Numeric positions
self.num_positions = 1
self.cost_positions = ['line']
self.last_positions = [0]
# Events
self.num_events = 0
self.cost_events = []
self.profile = Profile()
self.profile[SAMPLES] = 0
def parse(self):
# read lookahead
self.readline()
self.parse_key('version')
self.parse_key('creator')
while self.parse_part():
pass
if not self.eof():
sys.stderr.write('warning: line %u: unexpected line\n' % self.line_no)
sys.stderr.write('%s\n' % self.lookahead())
# compute derived data
self.profile.validate()
self.profile.find_cycles()
self.profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
self.profile.call_ratios(CALLS)
self.profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return self.profile
def parse_part(self):
if not self.parse_header_line():
return False
while self.parse_header_line():
pass
if not self.parse_body_line():
return False
while self.parse_body_line():
pass
return True
def parse_header_line(self):
return \
self.parse_empty() or \
self.parse_comment() or \
self.parse_part_detail() or \
self.parse_description() or \
self.parse_event_specification() or \
self.parse_cost_line_def() or \
self.parse_cost_summary()
_detail_keys = set(('cmd', 'pid', 'thread', 'part'))
def parse_part_detail(self):
return self.parse_keys(self._detail_keys)
def parse_description(self):
return self.parse_key('desc') is not None
def parse_event_specification(self):
event = self.parse_key('event')
if event is None:
return False
return True
def parse_cost_line_def(self):
pair = self.parse_keys(('events', 'positions'))
if pair is None:
return False
key, value = pair
items = value.split()
if key == 'events':
self.num_events = len(items)
self.cost_events = items
if key == 'positions':
self.num_positions = len(items)
self.cost_positions = items
self.last_positions = [0]*self.num_positions
return True
def parse_cost_summary(self):
pair = self.parse_keys(('summary', 'totals'))
if pair is None:
return False
return True
def parse_body_line(self):
return \
self.parse_empty() or \
self.parse_comment() or \
self.parse_cost_line() or \
self.parse_position_spec() or \
self.parse_association_spec()
__subpos_re = r'(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+|\d+|\+\d+|-\d+|\*)'
_cost_re = re.compile(r'^' +
__subpos_re + r'( +' + __subpos_re + r')*' +
r'( +\d+)*' +
'$')
def parse_cost_line(self, calls=None):
line = self.lookahead().rstrip()
mo = self._cost_re.match(line)
if not mo:
return False
function = self.get_function()
if calls is None:
# Unlike other aspects, call object (cob) is relative not to the
# last call object, but to the caller's object (ob), so try to
# update it when processing a functions cost line
try:
self.positions['cob'] = self.positions['ob']
except KeyError:
pass
values = line.split()
assert len(values) <= self.num_positions + self.num_events
positions = values[0 : self.num_positions]
events = values[self.num_positions : ]
events += ['0']*(self.num_events - len(events))
for i in range(self.num_positions):
position = positions[i]
if position == '*':
position = self.last_positions[i]
elif position[0] in '-+':
position = self.last_positions[i] + int(position)
elif position.startswith('0x'):
position = int(position, 16)
else:
position = int(position)
self.last_positions[i] = position
events = map(float, events)
if calls is None:
function[SAMPLES] += events[0]
self.profile[SAMPLES] += events[0]
else:
callee = self.get_callee()
callee.called += calls
try:
call = function.calls[callee.id]
except KeyError:
call = Call(callee.id)
call[CALLS] = calls
call[SAMPLES] = events[0]
function.add_call(call)
else:
call[CALLS] += calls
call[SAMPLES] += events[0]
self.consume()
return True
def parse_association_spec(self):
line = self.lookahead()
if not line.startswith('calls='):
return False
_, values = line.split('=', 1)
values = values.strip().split()
calls = int(values[0])
call_position = values[1:]
self.consume()
self.parse_cost_line(calls)
return True
_position_re = re.compile('^(?P<position>[cj]?(?:ob|fl|fi|fe|fn))=\s*(?:\((?P<id>\d+)\))?(?:\s*(?P<name>.+))?')
_position_table_map = {
'ob': 'ob',
'fl': 'fl',
'fi': 'fl',
'fe': 'fl',
'fn': 'fn',
'cob': 'ob',
'cfl': 'fl',
'cfi': 'fl',
'cfe': 'fl',
'cfn': 'fn',
'jfi': 'fl',
}
_position_map = {
'ob': 'ob',
'fl': 'fl',
'fi': 'fl',
'fe': 'fl',
'fn': 'fn',
'cob': 'cob',
'cfl': 'cfl',
'cfi': 'cfl',
'cfe': 'cfl',
'cfn': 'cfn',
'jfi': 'jfi',
}
def parse_position_spec(self):
line = self.lookahead()
if line.startswith('jump=') or line.startswith('jcnd='):
self.consume()
return True
mo = self._position_re.match(line)
if not mo:
return False
position, id, name = mo.groups()
if id:
table = self._position_table_map[position]
if name:
self.position_ids[(table, id)] = name
else:
name = self.position_ids.get((table, id), '')
self.positions[self._position_map[position]] = name
self.consume()
return True
def parse_empty(self):
if self.eof():
return False
line = self.lookahead()
if line.strip():
return False
self.consume()
return True
def parse_comment(self):
line = self.lookahead()
if not line.startswith('#'):
return False
self.consume()
return True
_key_re = re.compile(r'^(\w+):')
def parse_key(self, key):
pair = self.parse_keys((key,))
if not pair:
return None
key, value = pair
return value
line = self.lookahead()
mo = self._key_re.match(line)
if not mo:
return None
key, value = line.split(':', 1)
if key not in keys:
return None
value = value.strip()
self.consume()
return key, value
def parse_keys(self, keys):
line = self.lookahead()
mo = self._key_re.match(line)
if not mo:
return None
key, value = line.split(':', 1)
if key not in keys:
return None
value = value.strip()
self.consume()
return key, value
def make_function(self, module, filename, name):
# FIXME: module and filename are not being tracked reliably
#id = '|'.join((module, filename, name))
id = name
try:
function = self.profile.functions[id]
except KeyError:
function = Function(id, name)
if module:
function.module = os.path.basename(module)
function[SAMPLES] = 0
function.called = 0
self.profile.add_function(function)
return function
def get_function(self):
module = self.positions.get('ob', '')
filename = self.positions.get('fl', '')
function = self.positions.get('fn', '')
return self.make_function(module, filename, function)
def get_callee(self):
module = self.positions.get('cob', '')
filename = self.positions.get('cfi', '')
function = self.positions.get('cfn', '')
return self.make_function(module, filename, function)
class PerfParser(LineParser):
"""Parser for linux perf callgraph output.
It expects output generated with
perf record -g
perf script | gprof2dot.py --format=perf
"""
def __init__(self, infile):
LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
self.profile = Profile()
def readline(self):
# Override LineParser.readline to ignore comment lines
while True:
LineParser.readline(self)
if self.eof() or not self.lookahead().startswith('#'):
break
def parse(self):
# read lookahead
self.readline()
profile = self.profile
profile[SAMPLES] = 0
while not self.eof():
self.parse_event()
# compute derived data
profile.validate()
profile.find_cycles()
profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return profile
def parse_event(self):
if self.eof():
return
line = self.consume()
assert line
callchain = self.parse_callchain()
if not callchain:
return
callee = callchain[0]
callee[SAMPLES] += 1
self.profile[SAMPLES] += 1
for caller in callchain[1:]:
try:
call = caller.calls[callee.id]
except KeyError:
call = Call(callee.id)
call[SAMPLES2] = 1
caller.add_call(call)
else:
call[SAMPLES2] += 1
callee = caller
def parse_callchain(self):
callchain = []
while self.lookahead():
function = self.parse_call()
if function is None:
break
callchain.append(function)
if self.lookahead() == '':
self.consume()
return callchain
call_re = re.compile(r'^\s+(?P<address>[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+(?P<symbol>.*)\s+\((?P<module>[^)]*)\)$')
def parse_call(self):
line = self.consume()
mo = self.call_re.match(line)
assert mo
if not mo:
return None
function_name = mo.group('symbol')
if not function_name:
function_name = mo.group('address')
module = mo.group('module')
function_id = function_name + ':' + module
try:
function = self.profile.functions[function_id]
except KeyError:
function = Function(function_id, function_name)
function.module = os.path.basename(module)
function[SAMPLES] = 0
self.profile.add_function(function)
return function
class OprofileParser(LineParser):
"""Parser for oprofile callgraph output.
See also:
- http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/doc/opreport.html#opreport-callgraph
"""
_fields_re = {
'samples': r'(\d+)',
'%': r'(\S+)',
'linenr info': r'(?P<source>\(no location information\)|\S+:\d+)',
'image name': r'(?P<image>\S+(?:\s\(tgid:[^)]*\))?)',
'app name': r'(?P<application>\S+)',
'symbol name': r'(?P<symbol>\(no symbols\)|.+?)',
}
def __init__(self, infile):
LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
self.entries = {}
self.entry_re = None
def add_entry(self, callers, function, callees):
try:
entry = self.entries[function.id]
except KeyError:
self.entries[function.id] = (callers, function, callees)
else:
callers_total, function_total, callees_total = entry
self.update_subentries_dict(callers_total, callers)
function_total.samples += function.samples
self.update_subentries_dict(callees_total, callees)
def update_subentries_dict(self, totals, partials):
for partial in partials.itervalues():
try:
total = totals[partial.id]
except KeyError:
totals[partial.id] = partial
else:
total.samples += partial.samples
def parse(self):
# read lookahead
self.readline()
self.parse_header()
while self.lookahead():
self.parse_entry()
profile = Profile()
reverse_call_samples = {}
# populate the profile
profile[SAMPLES] = 0
for _callers, _function, _callees in self.entries.itervalues():
function = Function(_function.id, _function.name)
function[SAMPLES] = _function.samples
profile.add_function(function)
profile[SAMPLES] += _function.samples
if _function.application:
function.process = os.path.basename(_function.application)
if _function.image:
function.module = os.path.basename(_function.image)
total_callee_samples = 0
for _callee in _callees.itervalues():
total_callee_samples += _callee.samples
for _callee in _callees.itervalues():
if not _callee.self:
call = Call(_callee.id)
call[SAMPLES2] = _callee.samples
function.add_call(call)
# compute derived data
profile.validate()
profile.find_cycles()
profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return profile
def parse_header(self):
while not self.match_header():
self.consume()
line = self.lookahead()
fields = re.split(r'\s\s+', line)
entry_re = r'^\s*' + r'\s+'.join([self._fields_re[field] for field in fields]) + r'(?P<self>\s+\[self\])?$'
self.entry_re = re.compile(entry_re)
self.skip_separator()
def parse_entry(self):
callers = self.parse_subentries()
if self.match_primary():
function = self.parse_subentry()
if function is not None:
callees = self.parse_subentries()
self.add_entry(callers, function, callees)
self.skip_separator()
def parse_subentries(self):
subentries = {}
while self.match_secondary():
subentry = self.parse_subentry()
subentries[subentry.id] = subentry
return subentries
def parse_subentry(self):
entry = Struct()
line = self.consume()
mo = self.entry_re.match(line)
if not mo:
raise ParseError('failed to parse', line)
fields = mo.groupdict()
entry.samples = int(mo.group(1))
if 'source' in fields and fields['source'] != '(no location information)':
source = fields['source']
filename, lineno = source.split(':')
entry.filename = filename
entry.lineno = int(lineno)
else:
source = ''
entry.filename = None
entry.lineno = None
entry.image = fields.get('image', '')
entry.application = fields.get('application', '')
if 'symbol' in fields and fields['symbol'] != '(no symbols)':
entry.symbol = fields['symbol']
else:
entry.symbol = ''
if entry.symbol.startswith('"') and entry.symbol.endswith('"'):
entry.symbol = entry.symbol[1:-1]
entry.id = ':'.join((entry.application, entry.image, source, entry.symbol))
entry.self = fields.get('self', None) != None
if entry.self:
entry.id += ':self'
if entry.symbol:
entry.name = entry.symbol
else:
entry.name = entry.image
return entry
def skip_separator(self):
while not self.match_separator():
self.consume()
self.consume()
def match_header(self):
line = self.lookahead()
return line.startswith('samples')
def match_separator(self):
line = self.lookahead()
return line == '-'*len(line)
def match_primary(self):
line = self.lookahead()
return not line[:1].isspace()
def match_secondary(self):
line = self.lookahead()
return line[:1].isspace()
class HProfParser(LineParser):
"""Parser for java hprof output
See also:
- http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Programming/HPROF.html
"""
trace_re = re.compile(r'\t(.*)\((.*):(.*)\)')
trace_id_re = re.compile(r'^TRACE (\d+):$')
def __init__(self, infile):
LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
self.traces = {}
self.samples = {}
def parse(self):
# read lookahead
self.readline()
while not self.lookahead().startswith('------'): self.consume()
while not self.lookahead().startswith('TRACE '): self.consume()
self.parse_traces()
while not self.lookahead().startswith('CPU'):
self.consume()
self.parse_samples()
# populate the profile
profile = Profile()
profile[SAMPLES] = 0
functions = {}
# build up callgraph
for id, trace in self.traces.iteritems():
if not id in self.samples: continue
mtime = self.samples[id][0]
last = None
for func, file, line in trace:
if not func in functions:
function = Function(func, func)
function[SAMPLES] = 0
profile.add_function(function)
functions[func] = function
function = functions[func]
# allocate time to the deepest method in the trace
if not last:
function[SAMPLES] += mtime
profile[SAMPLES] += mtime
else:
c = function.get_call(last)
c[SAMPLES2] += mtime
last = func
# compute derived data
profile.validate()
profile.find_cycles()
profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return profile
def parse_traces(self):
while self.lookahead().startswith('TRACE '):
self.parse_trace()
def parse_trace(self):
l = self.consume()
mo = self.trace_id_re.match(l)
tid = mo.group(1)
last = None
trace = []
while self.lookahead().startswith('\t'):
l = self.consume()
match = self.trace_re.search(l)
if not match:
#sys.stderr.write('Invalid line: %s\n' % l)
break
else:
function_name, file, line = match.groups()
trace += [(function_name, file, line)]
self.traces[int(tid)] = trace
def parse_samples(self):
self.consume()
self.consume()
while not self.lookahead().startswith('CPU'):
rank, percent_self, percent_accum, count, traceid, method = self.lookahead().split()
self.samples[int(traceid)] = (int(count), method)
self.consume()
class SysprofParser(XmlParser):
def __init__(self, stream):
XmlParser.__init__(self, stream)
def parse(self):
objects = {}
nodes = {}
self.element_start('profile')
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
if self.token.name_or_data == 'objects':
assert not objects
objects = self.parse_items('objects')
elif self.token.name_or_data == 'nodes':
assert not nodes
nodes = self.parse_items('nodes')
else:
self.parse_value(self.token.name_or_data)
self.element_end('profile')
return self.build_profile(objects, nodes)
def parse_items(self, name):
assert name[-1] == 's'
items = {}
self.element_start(name)
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
id, values = self.parse_item(name[:-1])
assert id not in items
items[id] = values
self.element_end(name)
return items
def parse_item(self, name):
attrs = self.element_start(name)
id = int(attrs['id'])
values = self.parse_values()
self.element_end(name)
return id, values
def parse_values(self):
values = {}
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
name = self.token.name_or_data
value = self.parse_value(name)
assert name not in values
values[name] = value
return values
def parse_value(self, tag):
self.element_start(tag)
value = self.character_data()
self.element_end(tag)
if value.isdigit():
return int(value)
if value.startswith('"') and value.endswith('"'):
return value[1:-1]
return value
def build_profile(self, objects, nodes):
profile = Profile()
profile[SAMPLES] = 0
for id, object in objects.iteritems():
# Ignore fake objects (process names, modules, "Everything", "kernel", etc.)
if object['self'] == 0:
continue
function = Function(id, object['name'])
function[SAMPLES] = object['self']
profile.add_function(function)
profile[SAMPLES] += function[SAMPLES]
for id, node in nodes.iteritems():
# Ignore fake calls
if node['self'] == 0:
continue
# Find a non-ignored parent
parent_id = node['parent']
while parent_id != 0:
parent = nodes[parent_id]
caller_id = parent['object']
if objects[caller_id]['self'] != 0:
break
parent_id = parent['parent']
if parent_id == 0:
continue
callee_id = node['object']
assert objects[caller_id]['self']
assert objects[callee_id]['self']
function = profile.functions[caller_id]
samples = node['self']
try:
call = function.calls[callee_id]
except KeyError:
call = Call(callee_id)
call[SAMPLES2] = samples
function.add_call(call)
else:
call[SAMPLES2] += samples
# Compute derived events
profile.validate()
profile.find_cycles()
profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return profile
class SharkParser(LineParser):
"""Parser for MacOSX Shark output.
Author: tom@dbservice.com
"""
def __init__(self, infile):
LineParser.__init__(self, infile)
self.stack = []
self.entries = {}
def add_entry(self, function):
try:
entry = self.entries[function.id]
except KeyError:
self.entries[function.id] = (function, { })
else:
function_total, callees_total = entry
function_total.samples += function.samples
def add_callee(self, function, callee):
func, callees = self.entries[function.id]
try:
entry = callees[callee.id]
except KeyError:
callees[callee.id] = callee
else:
entry.samples += callee.samples
def parse(self):
self.readline()
self.readline()
self.readline()
self.readline()
match = re.compile(r'(?P<prefix>[|+ ]*)(?P<samples>\d+), (?P<symbol>[^,]+), (?P<image>.*)')
while self.lookahead():
line = self.consume()
mo = match.match(line)
if not mo:
raise ParseError('failed to parse', line)
fields = mo.groupdict()
prefix = len(fields.get('prefix', 0)) / 2 - 1
symbol = str(fields.get('symbol', 0))
image = str(fields.get('image', 0))
entry = Struct()
entry.id = ':'.join([symbol, image])
entry.samples = int(fields.get('samples', 0))
entry.name = symbol
entry.image = image
# adjust the callstack
if prefix < len(self.stack):
del self.stack[prefix:]
if prefix == len(self.stack):
self.stack.append(entry)
# if the callstack has had an entry, it's this functions caller
if prefix > 0:
self.add_callee(self.stack[prefix - 1], entry)
self.add_entry(entry)
profile = Profile()
profile[SAMPLES] = 0
for _function, _callees in self.entries.itervalues():
function = Function(_function.id, _function.name)
function[SAMPLES] = _function.samples
profile.add_function(function)
profile[SAMPLES] += _function.samples
if _function.image:
function.module = os.path.basename(_function.image)
for _callee in _callees.itervalues():
call = Call(_callee.id)
call[SAMPLES] = _callee.samples
function.add_call(call)
# compute derived data
profile.validate()
profile.find_cycles()
profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES)
profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return profile
class XPerfParser(Parser):
"""Parser for CSVs generted by XPerf, from Microsoft Windows Performance Tools.
"""
def __init__(self, stream):
Parser.__init__(self)
self.stream = stream
self.profile = Profile()
self.profile[SAMPLES] = 0
self.column = {}
def parse(self):
import csv
reader = csv.reader(
self.stream,
delimiter = ',',
quotechar = None,
escapechar = None,
doublequote = False,
skipinitialspace = True,
lineterminator = '\r\n',
quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE)
it = iter(reader)
row = reader.next()
self.parse_header(row)
for row in it:
self.parse_row(row)
# compute derived data
self.profile.validate()
self.profile.find_cycles()
self.profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
self.profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
self.profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return self.profile
def parse_header(self, row):
for column in range(len(row)):
name = row[column]
assert name not in self.column
self.column[name] = column
def parse_row(self, row):
fields = {}
for name, column in self.column.iteritems():
value = row[column]
for factory in int, float:
try:
value = factory(value)
except ValueError:
pass
else:
break
fields[name] = value
process = fields['Process Name']
symbol = fields['Module'] + '!' + fields['Function']
weight = fields['Weight']
count = fields['Count']
function = self.get_function(process, symbol)
function[SAMPLES] += weight * count
self.profile[SAMPLES] += weight * count
stack = fields['Stack']
if stack != '?':
stack = stack.split('/')
assert stack[0] == '[Root]'
if stack[-1] != symbol:
# XXX: some cases the sampled function does not appear in the stack
stack.append(symbol)
caller = None
for symbol in stack[1:]:
callee = self.get_function(process, symbol)
if caller is not None:
try:
call = caller.calls[callee.id]
except KeyError:
call = Call(callee.id)
call[SAMPLES2] = count
caller.add_call(call)
else:
call[SAMPLES2] += count
caller = callee
def get_function(self, process, symbol):
function_id = process + '!' + symbol
try:
function = self.profile.functions[function_id]
except KeyError:
module, name = symbol.split('!', 1)
function = Function(function_id, name)
function.process = process
function.module = module
function[SAMPLES] = 0
self.profile.add_function(function)
return function
class SleepyParser(Parser):
"""Parser for GNU gprof output.
See also:
- http://www.codersnotes.com/sleepy/
- http://sleepygraph.sourceforge.net/
"""
def __init__(self, filename):
Parser.__init__(self)
from zipfile import ZipFile
self.database = ZipFile(filename)
self.version_0_7 = 'Version 0.7 required' in self.database.namelist()
self.symbols = {}
self.calls = {}
self.profile = Profile()
_symbol_re = re.compile(
r'^(?P<id>\w+)' +
r'\s+"(?P<module>[^"]*)"' +
r'\s+"(?P<procname>[^"]*)"' +
r'\s+"(?P<sourcefile>[^"]*)"' +
r'\s+(?P<sourceline>\d+)$'
)
def parse_symbols(self):
if self.version_0_7:
symbols_txt = 'Symbols.txt'
else:
symbols_txt = 'symbols.txt'
lines = self.database.read(symbols_txt).splitlines()
for line in lines:
mo = self._symbol_re.match(line)
if mo:
symbol_id, module, procname, sourcefile, sourceline = mo.groups()
function_id = ':'.join([module, procname])
try:
function = self.profile.functions[function_id]
except KeyError:
function = Function(function_id, procname)
function.module = module
function[SAMPLES] = 0
self.profile.add_function(function)
self.symbols[symbol_id] = function
def parse_callstacks(self):
if self.version_0_7:
callstacks_txt = 'Callstacks.txt'
else:
callstacks_txt = 'callstacks.txt'
lines = self.database.read(callstacks_txt).splitlines()
for line in lines:
fields = line.split()
samples = float(fields[0])
callstack = fields[1:]
callstack = [self.symbols[symbol_id] for symbol_id in callstack]
callee = callstack[0]
callee[SAMPLES] += samples
self.profile[SAMPLES] += samples
for caller in callstack[1:]:
try:
call = caller.calls[callee.id]
except KeyError:
call = Call(callee.id)
call[SAMPLES2] = samples
caller.add_call(call)
else:
call[SAMPLES2] += samples
callee = caller
def parse(self):
profile = self.profile
profile[SAMPLES] = 0
self.parse_symbols()
self.parse_callstacks()
# Compute derived events
profile.validate()
profile.find_cycles()
profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, SAMPLES)
profile.call_ratios(SAMPLES2)
profile.integrate(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO)
return profile
class AQtimeTable:
def __init__(self, name, fields):
self.name = name
self.fields = fields
self.field_column = {}
for column in range(len(fields)):
self.field_column[fields[column]] = column
self.rows = []
def __len__(self):
return len(self.rows)
def __iter__(self):
for values, children in self.rows:
fields = {}
for name, value in zip(self.fields, values):
fields[name] = value
children = dict([(child.name, child) for child in children])
yield fields, children
raise StopIteration
def add_row(self, values, children=()):
self.rows.append((values, children))
class AQtimeParser(XmlParser):
def __init__(self, stream):
XmlParser.__init__(self, stream)
self.tables = {}
def parse(self):
self.element_start('AQtime_Results')
self.parse_headers()
results = self.parse_results()
self.element_end('AQtime_Results')
return self.build_profile(results)
def parse_headers(self):
self.element_start('HEADERS')
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
self.parse_table_header()
self.element_end('HEADERS')
def parse_table_header(self):
attrs = self.element_start('TABLE_HEADER')
name = attrs['NAME']
id = int(attrs['ID'])
field_types = []
field_names = []
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
field_type, field_name = self.parse_table_field()
field_types.append(field_type)
field_names.append(field_name)
self.element_end('TABLE_HEADER')
self.tables[id] = name, field_types, field_names
def parse_table_field(self):
attrs = self.element_start('TABLE_FIELD')
type = attrs['TYPE']
name = self.character_data()
self.element_end('TABLE_FIELD')
return type, name
def parse_results(self):
self.element_start('RESULTS')
table = self.parse_data()
self.element_end('RESULTS')
return table
def parse_data(self):
rows = []
attrs = self.element_start('DATA')
table_id = int(attrs['TABLE_ID'])
table_name, field_types, field_names = self.tables[table_id]
table = AQtimeTable(table_name, field_names)
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
row, children = self.parse_row(field_types)
table.add_row(row, children)
self.element_end('DATA')
return table
def parse_row(self, field_types):
row = [None]*len(field_types)
children = []
self.element_start('ROW')
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
if self.token.name_or_data == 'FIELD':
field_id, field_value = self.parse_field(field_types)
row[field_id] = field_value
elif self.token.name_or_data == 'CHILDREN':
children = self.parse_children()
else:
raise XmlTokenMismatch("<FIELD ...> or <CHILDREN ...>", self.token)
self.element_end('ROW')
return row, children
def parse_field(self, field_types):
attrs = self.element_start('FIELD')
id = int(attrs['ID'])
type = field_types[id]
value = self.character_data()
if type == 'Integer':
value = int(value)
elif type == 'Float':
value = float(value)
elif type == 'Address':
value = int(value)
elif type == 'String':
pass
else:
assert False
self.element_end('FIELD')
return id, value
def parse_children(self):
children = []
self.element_start('CHILDREN')
while self.token.type == XML_ELEMENT_START:
table = self.parse_data()
assert table.name not in children
children.append(table)
self.element_end('CHILDREN')
return children
def build_profile(self, results):
assert results.name == 'Routines'
profile = Profile()
profile[TIME] = 0.0
for fields, tables in results:
function = self.build_function(fields)
children = tables['Children']
for fields, _ in children:
call = self.build_call(fields)
function.add_call(call)
profile.add_function(function)
profile[TIME] = profile[TIME] + function[TIME]
profile[TOTAL_TIME] = profile[TIME]
profile.ratio(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TOTAL_TIME)
return profile
def build_function(self, fields):
function = Function(self.build_id(fields), self.build_name(fields))
function[TIME] = fields['Time']
function[TOTAL_TIME] = fields['Time with Children']
#function[TIME_RATIO] = fields['% Time']/100.0
#function[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = fields['% with Children']/100.0
return function
def build_call(self, fields):
call = Call(self.build_id(fields))
call[TIME] = fields['Time']
call[TOTAL_TIME] = fields['Time with Children']
#call[TIME_RATIO] = fields['% Time']/100.0
#call[TOTAL_TIME_RATIO] = fields['% with Children']/100.0
return call
def build_id(self, fields):
return ':'.join([fields['Module Name'], fields['Unit Name'], fields['Routine Name']])
def build_name(self, fields):
# TODO: use more fields
return fields['Routine Name']
class PstatsParser:
"""Parser python profiling statistics saved with te pstats module."""
def __init__(self, *filename):
import pstats
try:
self.stats = pstats.Stats(*filename)
except ValueError:
import hotshot.stats
self.stats = hotshot.stats.load(filename[0])
self.profile = Profile()
self.function_ids = {}
def get_function_name(self, (filename, line, name)):
module = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
module = os.path.basename(module)
return "%s:%d:%s" % (module, line, name)
def get_function(self, key):
try:
id = self.function_ids[key]
except KeyError:
id = len(self.function_ids)
name = self.get_function_name(key)
function = Function(id, name)
self.profile.functions[id] = function
self.function_ids[key] = id
else:
function = self.profile.functions[id]
return function
def parse(self):
self.profile[TIME] = 0.0
self.profile[TOTAL_TIME] = self.stats.total_tt
for fn, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in self.stats.stats.iteritems():
callee = self.get_function(fn)
callee.called = nc
callee[TOTAL_TIME] = ct
callee[TIME] = tt
self.profile[TIME] += tt
self.profile[TOTAL_TIME] = max(self.profile[TOTAL_TIME], ct)
for fn, value in callers.iteritems():
caller = self.get_function(fn)
call = Call(callee.id)
if isinstance(value, tuple):
for i in xrange(0, len(value), 4):
nc, cc, tt, ct = value[i:i+4]
if CALLS in call:
call[CALLS] += cc
else:
call[CALLS] = cc
if TOTAL_TIME in call:
call[TOTAL_TIME] += ct
else:
call[TOTAL_TIME] = ct
else:
call[CALLS] = value
call[TOTAL_TIME] = ratio(value, nc)*ct
caller.add_call(call)
#self.stats.print_stats()
#self.stats.print_callees()
# Compute derived events
self.profile.validate()
self.profile.ratio(TIME_RATIO, TIME)
self.profile.ratio(TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TOTAL_TIME)
return self.profile
class Theme:
def __init__(self,
bgcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
mincolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
maxcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
fontname = "Arial",
minfontsize = 10.0,
maxfontsize = 10.0,
minpenwidth = 0.5,
maxpenwidth = 4.0,
gamma = 2.2,
skew = 1.0):
self.bgcolor = bgcolor
self.mincolor = mincolor
self.maxcolor = maxcolor
self.fontname = fontname
self.minfontsize = minfontsize
self.maxfontsize = maxfontsize
self.minpenwidth = minpenwidth
self.maxpenwidth = maxpenwidth
self.gamma = gamma
self.skew = skew
def graph_bgcolor(self):
return self.hsl_to_rgb(*self.bgcolor)
def graph_fontname(self):
return self.fontname
def graph_fontsize(self):
return self.minfontsize
def node_bgcolor(self, weight):
return self.color(weight)
def node_fgcolor(self, weight):
return self.graph_bgcolor()
def node_fontsize(self, weight):
return self.fontsize(weight)
def edge_color(self, weight):
return self.color(weight)
def edge_fontsize(self, weight):
return self.fontsize(weight)
def edge_penwidth(self, weight):
return max(weight*self.maxpenwidth, self.minpenwidth)
def edge_arrowsize(self, weight):
return 0.5 * math.sqrt(self.edge_penwidth(weight))
def fontsize(self, weight):
return max(weight**2 * self.maxfontsize, self.minfontsize)
def color(self, weight):
weight = min(max(weight, 0.0), 1.0)
hmin, smin, lmin = self.mincolor
hmax, smax, lmax = self.maxcolor
if self.skew < 0:
raise ValueError("Skew must be greater than 0")
elif self.skew == 1.0:
h = hmin + weight*(hmax - hmin)
s = smin + weight*(smax - smin)
l = lmin + weight*(lmax - lmin)
else:
base = self.skew
h = hmin + ((hmax-hmin)*(-1.0 + (base ** weight)) / (base - 1.0))
s = smin + ((smax-smin)*(-1.0 + (base ** weight)) / (base - 1.0))
l = lmin + ((lmax-lmin)*(-1.0 + (base ** weight)) / (base - 1.0))
return self.hsl_to_rgb(h, s, l)
def hsl_to_rgb(self, h, s, l):
"""Convert a color from HSL color-model to RGB.
See also:
- http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#hsl-color
"""
h = h % 1.0
s = min(max(s, 0.0), 1.0)
l = min(max(l, 0.0), 1.0)
if l <= 0.5:
m2 = l*(s + 1.0)
else:
m2 = l + s - l*s
m1 = l*2.0 - m2
r = self._hue_to_rgb(m1, m2, h + 1.0/3.0)
g = self._hue_to_rgb(m1, m2, h)
b = self._hue_to_rgb(m1, m2, h - 1.0/3.0)
# Apply gamma correction
r **= self.gamma
g **= self.gamma
b **= self.gamma
return (r, g, b)
def _hue_to_rgb(self, m1, m2, h):
if h < 0.0:
h += 1.0
elif h > 1.0:
h -= 1.0
if h*6 < 1.0:
return m1 + (m2 - m1)*h*6.0
elif h*2 < 1.0:
return m2
elif h*3 < 2.0:
return m1 + (m2 - m1)*(2.0/3.0 - h)*6.0
else:
return m1
TEMPERATURE_COLORMAP = Theme(
mincolor = (2.0/3.0, 0.80, 0.25), # dark blue
maxcolor = (0.0, 1.0, 0.5), # satured red
gamma = 1.0
)
PINK_COLORMAP = Theme(
mincolor = (0.0, 1.0, 0.90), # pink
maxcolor = (0.0, 1.0, 0.5), # satured red
)
GRAY_COLORMAP = Theme(
mincolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.85), # light gray
maxcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
)
BW_COLORMAP = Theme(
minfontsize = 8.0,
maxfontsize = 24.0,
mincolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
maxcolor = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # black
minpenwidth = 0.1,
maxpenwidth = 8.0,
)
class DotWriter:
"""Writer for the DOT language.
See also:
- "The DOT Language" specification
http://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/lang.html
"""
strip = False
wrap = False
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
def wrap_function_name(self, name):
"""Split the function name on multiple lines."""
if len(name) > 32:
ratio = 2.0/3.0
height = max(int(len(name)/(1.0 - ratio) + 0.5), 1)
width = max(len(name)/height, 32)
# TODO: break lines in symbols
name = textwrap.fill(name, width, break_long_words=False)
# Take away spaces
name = name.replace(", ", ",")
name = name.replace("> >", ">>")
name = name.replace("> >", ">>") # catch consecutive
return name
def graph(self, profile, theme):
self.begin_graph()
fontname = theme.graph_fontname()
self.attr('graph', fontname=fontname, ranksep=0.25, nodesep=0.125)
self.attr('node', fontname=fontname, shape="box", style="filled", fontcolor="white", width=0, height=0)
self.attr('edge', fontname=fontname)
for function in profile.functions.itervalues():
labels = []
if function.process is not None:
labels.append(function.process)
if function.module is not None:
labels.append(function.module)
if self.strip:
function_name = function.stripped_name()
else:
function_name = function.name
if self.wrap:
function_name = self.wrap_function_name(function_name)
labels.append(function_name)
for event in TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, TIME_RATIO:
if event in function.events:
label = event.format(function[event])
labels.append(label)
if function.called is not None:
labels.append(u"%u\xd7" % (function.called,))
if function.weight is not None:
weight = function.weight
else:
weight = 0.0
label = '\n'.join(labels)
self.node(function.id,
label = label,
color = self.color(theme.node_bgcolor(weight)),
fontcolor = self.color(theme.node_fgcolor(weight)),
fontsize = "%.2f" % theme.node_fontsize(weight),
)
for call in function.calls.itervalues():
callee = profile.functions[call.callee_id]
labels = []
for event in TOTAL_TIME_RATIO, CALLS:
if event in call.events:
label = event.format(call[event])
labels.append(label)
if call.weight is not None:
weight = call.weight
elif callee.weight is not None:
weight = callee.weight
else:
weight = 0.0
label = '\n'.join(labels)
self.edge(function.id, call.callee_id,
label = label,
color = self.color(theme.edge_color(weight)),
fontcolor = self.color(theme.edge_color(weight)),
fontsize = "%.2f" % theme.edge_fontsize(weight),
penwidth = "%.2f" % theme.edge_penwidth(weight),
labeldistance = "%.2f" % theme.edge_penwidth(weight),
arrowsize = "%.2f" % theme.edge_arrowsize(weight),
)
self.end_graph()
def begin_graph(self):
self.write('digraph {\n')
def end_graph(self):
self.write('}\n')
def attr(self, what, **attrs):
self.write("\t")
self.write(what)
self.attr_list(attrs)
self.write(";\n")
def node(self, node, **attrs):
self.write("\t")
self.id(node)
self.attr_list(attrs)
self.write(";\n")
def edge(self, src, dst, **attrs):
self.write("\t")
self.id(src)
self.write(" -> ")
self.id(dst)
self.attr_list(attrs)
self.write(";\n")
def attr_list(self, attrs):
if not attrs:
return
self.write(' [')
first = True
for name, value in attrs.iteritems():
if first:
first = False
else:
self.write(", ")
self.id(name)
self.write('=')
self.id(value)
self.write(']')
def id(self, id):
if isinstance(id, (int, float)):
s = str(id)
elif isinstance(id, basestring):
if id.isalnum() and not id.startswith('0x'):
s = id
else:
s = self.escape(id)
else:
raise TypeError
self.write(s)
def color(self, (r, g, b)):
def float2int(f):
if f <= 0.0:
return 0
if f >= 1.0:
return 255
return int(255.0*f + 0.5)
return "#" + "".join(["%02x" % float2int(c) for c in (r, g, b)])
def escape(self, s):
s = s.encode('utf-8')
s = s.replace('\\', r'\\')
s = s.replace('\n', r'\n')
s = s.replace('\t', r'\t')
s = s.replace('"', r'\"')
return '"' + s + '"'
def write(self, s):
self.fp.write(s)
class Main:
"""Main program."""
themes = {
"color": TEMPERATURE_COLORMAP,
"pink": PINK_COLORMAP,
"gray": GRAY_COLORMAP,
"bw": BW_COLORMAP,
}
def main(self):
"""Main program."""
parser = optparse.OptionParser(
usage="\n\t%prog [options] [file] ...",
version="%%prog %s" % __version__)
parser.add_option(
'-o', '--output', metavar='FILE',
type="string", dest="output",
help="output filename [stdout]")
parser.add_option(
'-n', '--node-thres', metavar='PERCENTAGE',
type="float", dest="node_thres", default=0.5,
help="eliminate nodes below this threshold [default: %default]")
parser.add_option(
'-e', '--edge-thres', metavar='PERCENTAGE',
type="float", dest="edge_thres", default=0.1,
help="eliminate edges below this threshold [default: %default]")
parser.add_option(
'-f', '--format',
type="choice", choices=('prof', 'callgrind', 'perf', 'oprofile', 'hprof', 'sysprof', 'pstats', 'shark', 'sleepy', 'aqtime', 'xperf'),
dest="format", default="prof",
help="profile format: prof, callgrind, oprofile, hprof, sysprof, shark, sleepy, aqtime, pstats, or xperf [default: %default]")
parser.add_option(
'-c', '--colormap',
type="choice", choices=('color', 'pink', 'gray', 'bw'),
dest="theme", default="color",
help="color map: color, pink, gray, or bw [default: %default]")
parser.add_option(
'-s', '--strip',
action="store_true",
dest="strip", default=False,
help="strip function parameters, template parameters, and const modifiers from demangled C++ function names")
parser.add_option(
'-w', '--wrap',
action="store_true",
dest="wrap", default=False,
help="wrap function names")
# add option to create subtree or show paths
parser.add_option(
'-z', '--root',
type="string",
dest="root", default="",
help="prun call graph to show only decedents of specified root function")
parser.add_option(
'-l', '--leaf',
type="string",
dest="leaf", default="",
help="prun call graph to show only ancestors of specified leaf function")
# add a new option to control skew of the colorization curve
parser.add_option(
'--skew',
type="float", dest="theme_skew", default=1.0,
help="skew the colorization curve. Values < 1.0 give more variety to lower percentages. Value > 1.0 give less variety to lower percentages")
(self.options, self.args) = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:])
if len(self.args) > 1 and self.options.format != 'pstats':
parser.error('incorrect number of arguments')
try:
self.theme = self.themes[self.options.theme]
except KeyError:
parser.error('invalid colormap \'%s\'' % self.options.theme)
# set skew on the theme now that it has been picked.
if self.options.theme_skew:
self.theme.skew = self.options.theme_skew
stdinFormats = {
"prof": GprofParser,
"callgrind": CallgrindParser,
"perf": PerfParser,
"oprofile": OprofileParser,
"sysprof": SysprofParser,
"hprof": HProfParser,
"xperf": XPerfParser,
"shark": SharkParser,
"aqtime": AQtimeParser
}
if self.options.format in stdinFormats:
if not self.args:
fp = sys.stdin
else:
fp = open(self.args[0], 'rt')
parser = stdinFormats[self.options.format](fp)
elif self.options.format == 'pstats':
if not self.args:
parser.error('at least a file must be specified for pstats input')
parser = PstatsParser(*self.args)
elif self.options.format == 'sleepy':
if len(self.args) != 1:
parser.error('exactly one file must be specified for sleepy input')
parser = SleepyParser(self.args[0])
else:
parser.error('invalid format \'%s\'' % self.options.format)
self.profile = parser.parse()
if self.options.output is None:
self.output = sys.stdout
else:
self.output = open(self.options.output, 'wt')
self.write_graph()
def write_graph(self):
dot = DotWriter(self.output)
dot.strip = self.options.strip
dot.wrap = self.options.wrap
profile = self.profile
profile.prune(self.options.node_thres/100.0, self.options.edge_thres/100.0)
if self.options.root:
rootId = profile.getFunctionId(self.options.root)
if not rootId:
sys.stderr.write('root node ' + self.options.root + ' not found (might already be pruned : try -e0 -n0 flags)\n')
sys.exit(1)
profile.prune_root(rootId)
if self.options.leaf:
leafId = profile.getFunctionId(self.options.leaf)
if not leafId:
sys.stderr.write('leaf node ' + self.options.leaf + ' not found (maybe already pruned : try -e0 -n0 flags)\n')
sys.exit(1)
profile.prune_leaf(leafId)
dot.graph(profile, self.theme)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Main().main()
