在使用 Tomcat服务器 + SpringFramework 进行JavaEE项目的开发部署的时候可以在Tomcat的配置文件中进行JDBC数据源的配置，具体步骤如下（这里省略了工程的建立步骤）：
1） 添加如下代码到tomcat的conf目录下的server.xml中：
Xml代码 收藏代码
<Context>
<Resource name="jdbc/demoDB" auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo"
username="root"
password="123"
maxActive="50"
maxIdle="30"
maxWait="10000" />
</Context>
完成上述步骤数据源的连接池配置已经完成，但是为了提高项目的可移植性，最好将上述第二步的内容放入到工程的META-INF目录的context.xml中（这个文件需要自行建立）：
Xml代码 收藏代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context>
<Resource name="jdbc/demoDB" auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo"
username="root"
password="123"
maxActive="50"
maxIdle="30"
maxWait="10000" />
</Context>
2）在Spring的配置文件，如applicationContext.xml中配置配置如下内容：
Xml代码 收藏代码
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
<property name="jndiName">
<value>java:comp/env/jdbc/demoDB</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref bean="dataSource" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 这里是自定义的数据库基础操作类 -->
<bean id="sqlBaseDAO" class="demo.BaseDAOImpl">
<property name="jdbcTemplate">
<ref bean="jdbcTemplate" />
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
3）建立数据库基础操作类 BaseDAOImpl
接口代码：
Java代码 收藏代码
public interface BaseDAO {
public List<Map<String, Object>> select(String sql);
public void update(String how);
public void insert(Object obj);
public void insert(String sql);
public void save(String sql);
public void edit(String sql);
public void execute(String sql, PreparedStatementCallback callback);
public void delete(String sql);
public void insertObjects(String[] sqls);
public Connection getConnection() throws Exception;
}
实现类代码：
Java代码 收藏代码
public class BaseDAOImpl implements BaseDAO {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate){
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
}
public void insert(Object obj) {
}
public void insert(String sql) {
jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
}
public void insertObjects(String[] sqls) {
jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqls);
}
public List<Map<String, Object>> select(String sql) {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
}
public void update(String how) {
jdbcTemplate.update(how);
}
public void delete(String sql) {
if (sql == null) {
return;
}
jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
}
public void edit(String sql) {
if (sql == null) {
return;
}
jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
}
public void execute(String sql, PreparedStatementCallback callback) {
jdbcTemplate.execute(sql, callback);
}
public void save(String sql) {
if (sql == null) {
return;
}
jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
}
public Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
Connection conn = jdbcTemplate.getDataSource().getConnection();
return conn;
}
}
这里存在一个疑问：
运行如下代码：
Java代码 收藏代码
public static void main(String[] args) {
org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean jofb = new org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean();
javax.sql.DataSource ds = (javax.sql.DataSource)jofb;
org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate jTemplate = new org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate();
jTemplate.setDataSource(ds);
}
会报告如下的错误：
Out代码 收藏代码
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean cannot be cast to javax.sql.DataSource
从JndiObjectFactoryBean的源码中也可以看到，JndiObjectFactoryBean的父类或所继承的接口都没有继承javax.sql.DataSource接口，所以一下的配置中：
Xml代码 收藏代码
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
<property name="jndiName">
<value>java:comp/env/jdbc/portalDataService</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref bean="dataSource" />
</property>
</bean>
对org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate的dataSource属性的注入为何能够成功？
带着这样的疑问去iteye中提问，没有得到详细的解答，但是iteye的提示功能似乎很不错，在问题的下方给出了相关内容参考提示，进入到《从源代码解读spring之DataSource实现和FactoryBean模式》这个帖子中，看完以后大受启发。一下是从这篇帖子摘抄出来的内容：
再看源码后发现，JndiObjectFactoryBean实现了FactoryBean接口，下面是org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean源代码里一段注释：
Java代码 收藏代码
/**
* Interface to be implemented by objects used within a BeanFactory
* that are themselves factories. If a bean implements this interface,
* it is used as a factory, not directly as a bean.
*
* <p><b>NB: A bean that implements this interface cannot be used
* as a normal bean.</b> A FactoryBean is defined in a bean style,
* but the object exposed for bean references is always the object
* that it creates.
*/
翻译过来是说：所有实现FactoryBean接口的类都被当作工厂来使用，而不是简单的直接当作bean来使用，FactoryBean实现类里定义了要生产的对象，并且由FactoryBean实现类来造该对象的实例，看到这里聪明的大概已经能猜出个八九不离十了吧，我们回过头来看看JndiObjectFactoryBean的实现细节 ：
Java代码 收藏代码
private Object jndiObject;
/**
* Look up the JNDI object and store it.
* 广义上说是造对象的过程，就本例而言，是通过JNDI获得DataSource对象
*/
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws IllegalArgumentException, NamingException {
super.afterPropertiesSet();
if (this.proxyInterface != null) {
if (this.defaultObject != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"'defaultObject' is not supported in combination with 'proxyInterface'");
}
// We need a proxy and a JndiObjectTargetSource.
this.jndiObject = JndiObjectProxyFactory.createJndiObjectProxy(this);
}
else {
if (!this.lookupOnStartup || !this.cache) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Cannot deactivate 'lookupOnStartup' or 'cache' without specifying a 'proxyInterface'");
}
if (this.defaultObject != null && getExpectedType() != null &&
!getExpectedType().isInstance(this.defaultObject)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Default object [" + this.defaultObject +
"] of type [" + this.defaultObject.getClass().getName() +
"] is not of expected type [" + getExpectedType().getName() + "]");
}
// Locate specified JNDI object.
this.jndiObject = lookupWithFallback();
}
}
/**
* Return the singleton JNDI object.
* 返回JNDI对象（DataSource对象）
*/
public Object getObject() {
return this.jndiObject;
}
public Class getObjectType() {
if (this.proxyInterface != null) {
return this.proxyInterface;
}
else if (this.jndiObject != null) {
return this.jndiObject.getClass();
}
else {
return getExpectedType();
}
}
对于JndiObjectFactoryBean对象，spring IOC容器启动时确实造了它的对象，只不过这时是工厂本身，spring会自动调用工厂里的afterPropertiesSet()方法去造真正需要的bean，然后调用getObject()和getObjectType()方法返回已造好的对象和类型，再将其准确的注入依赖它的其他bean里面。
好吧，也许上面org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean的注释看起来像家长教育孩子该怎么怎么，那么Spring到底是怎么实现这种思想的呢？参考《Spring技术内幕》中2.5.3节对FactoryBean的实现的讲解，结合Spring的源码可以看到：
常见的工厂Bean是怎样实现的，这些FactoryBean为应用生成需要的对象，这些对象往往是经过特殊处理的，比如像 ProxyFactoryBean 这样的特殊 Bean。FactoryBean 的生产特性是在getBean中起作用的，我们看到下面的调用：
再来看FactoryBean特性的实现：
//该方法在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory类中
protected Object getObjectForBeanInstance(
Object beanInstance, String name, String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
// Don't let calling code try to dereference the factory if the bean isn't a factory.
// 如果这里不是对FactoryBean的调用,那么结束处理。
if (BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name) && !(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) {
throw new BeanIsNotAFactoryException(transformedBeanName(name), beanInstance.getClass());
}
// Now we have the bean instance, which may be a normal bean or a FactoryBean.
// If it's a FactoryBean, we use it to create a bean instance, unless the
// caller actually wants a reference to the factory.
if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean) || BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) {
return beanInstance;
}
Object object = null;
if (mbd == null) {
object = getCachedObjectForFactoryBean(beanName);
}
if (object == null) {
// Return bean instance from factory.
FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) beanInstance;
// Caches object obtained from FactoryBean if it is a singleton.
if (mbd == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
boolean synthetic = (mbd != null && mbd.isSynthetic());
//这里从FactoryBean中得到bean。
object = getObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, !synthetic);
}
return object;
}
//该方法在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport类中
protected Object getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBean factory, String beanName, boolean shouldPostProcess) {
if (factory.isSingleton() && containsSingleton(beanName)) {
synchronized (getSingletonMutex()) {
Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
if (object == null) {
object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, shouldPostProcess);
this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName, (object != null ? object : NULL_OBJECT));
}
return (object != NULL_OBJECT ? object : null);
}
}
else {
return doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, shouldPostProcess);
}
}
//该方法在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport类中
private Object doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(
final FactoryBean factory, final String beanName, final boolean shouldPostProcess)
throws BeanCreationException {
Object object;
//这里调用factory的getObject方法来从FactoryBean中得到bean。
try {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessControlContext acc = getAccessControlContext();
try {
object = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
public Object run() throws Exception {
return factory.getObject();
}
}, acc);
}
catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
throw pae.getException();
}
}
else {
object = factory.getObject();
}
}
catch (FactoryBeanNotInitializedException ex) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, ex.toString());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "FactoryBean threw exception on object creation", ex);
}
// Do not accept a null value for a FactoryBean that's not fully
// initialized yet: Many FactoryBeans just return null then.
if (object == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(
beanName, "FactoryBean which is currently in creation returned null from getObject");
}
if (object != null && shouldPostProcess) {
try {
object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of the FactoryBean's object failed", ex);
}
}
return object;
}
这里返回的已经是作为工厂的 FactoryBean 生产的产品，并不是 FactoryBean 本身。这种FactoryBean的机制可以为我们提供一个很好的封装机制，比如封装Proxy、RMI、JNDI等。经过对FactoryBean实现过程的原理分析，相信读者会对getObject方法有很深刻的印象。这个方法就是主要的FactoryBean 的接口，需要实现特定的工厂的生产过程，至于这个生产过程是怎样和IoC容器整合的，就是我们在上面分析的内容。
那么返回的类型是怎么确定为javax.sql.DataSource类型的呢？回头再看在context.xml中的数据源配置可以看到：
Xml代码 收藏代码
type="javax.sql.DataSource"
这样一句。然后在去细看JndiObjectFactoryBean类中的afterPropertiesSet方法的具体代码所以一切都明了了。
综上所述，这里主要还是要对Spring的FactoryBean模式的理解最为重要。
