VIM常用快捷命令（翻译） - HelloWorld开发者社区

自70年代起（哇，比我大很多哎），vi和vim就是程序员们最爱的文本编辑器。五年前我写了一篇文章《程序员应该知道的100条VIM命令》，现在升级版来了！

基本命令

:e filename

打开filename用于编辑

保存文件

退出vim

:q!

退出并且不保存修改

保存更改并退出

:sav filename

另存为filename

重做常规模式下的上一个动作

重复五次.命令

在文件里移动

k or Up Arrow

move the cursor up one line

j or Down Arrow

move the cursor down one line

move the cursor to the end of the word

move the cursor to the begining of the word

move the cursor to the begining of the line

move the cursor to the end of the file

move the cursor to the begining of the file

move the cursor to the bottom of the screen

:59

move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number.

20|

move cursor to column 20.

Move cursor to matching parenthesis

[[

Jump to function start

[{

Jump to block start

Cut, copy & paste

Copy the selected text to clipboard

Paste clipboard contents

Cut current line

Copy current line

Copy to end of line

Cut to end of line

Search

/word

Search word from top to bottom

?word

Search word from bottom to top

Search the word under cursor

/\cstring

Search STRING or string, case insensitive

/jo[ha]n

Search john or joan

/\< the

Search the, theatre or then

/the\>

Search the or breathe

/\< the\>

Search the

/\< ¦.\>

Search all words of 4 letters

/\/

Search fred but not alfred or frederick

/fred\|joe

Search fred or joe

/\<\d\d\d\d\>

Search exactly 4 digits

/^\n\{3}

Find 3 empty lines

:bufdo /searchstr/

Search in all open files

bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g

Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse

Replace

:%s/old/new/g

Replace all occurences of old by new in file

:%s/onward/forward/gi

Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive

:%s/old/new/gc

Replace all occurences with confirmation

:2,35s/old/new/g

Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35

:5,$s/old/new/g

Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF

:%s/^/hello/g

Replace the begining of each line by hello

:%s/$/Harry/g

Replace the end of each line by Harry

:%s/onward/forward/gi

Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive

:%s/ *$//g

Delete all white spaces

:g/string/d

Delete all lines containing string

:v/string/d

Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string

:s/Bill/Steve/

Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line

:s/Bill/Steve/g

Replace Bill by Steve in current line

:%s/Bill/Steve/g

Replace Bill by Steve in all the file

:%s/^M//g

Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)

:%s/\r/\r/g

Transform DOS carriage returns in returns

:%s#<[^>]\+>##g

Delete HTML tags but keeps text

:%s/^$.*$\n\1$/\1/

Delete lines which appears twice

Ctrl+a

Increment number under the cursor

Ctrl+x

Decrement number under cursor

ggVGg?

Change text to Rot13

Case

Lowercase line

Uppercase line

g~~

Invert case

vEU

Switch word to uppercase

vE~

Modify word case

ggguG

Set all text to lowercase

gggUG

Set all text to uppercase

:set ignorecase

Ignore case in searches

:set smartcase

Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used

:%s/\<./\u&/g

Sets first letter of each word to uppercase

:%s/\<./\l&/g

Sets first letter of each word to lowercase

:%s/.*/\u&

Sets first letter of each line to uppercase

:%s/.*/\l&

Sets first letter of each line to lowercase

Read/Write files

:1,10 w outfile

Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile

:1,10 w >> outfile

Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile

:r infile

Insert the content of infile

:23r infile

Insert the content of infile under line 23

File explorer

:e .

Open integrated file explorer

:Sex

Split window and open integrated file explorer

:Sex!

Same as :Sex but split window vertically

:browse e

Graphical file explorer

:ls

List buffers

:cd ..

Move to parent directory

:args

List files

:args *.php

Open file list

:grep expression *.php

Returns a list of .php files contening expression

Open file name under cursor

Interact with Unix

:!pwd

Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi

!!pwd

Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file

:sh

Temporary returns to Unix

$exit

Retourns to Vi

Alignment

:%!fmt

Align all lines

!}fmt

Align all lines at the current position

5!!fmt

Align the next 5 lines

Tabs/Windows

:tabnew

Creates a new tab

Show next tab

:tabfirst

Show first tab

:tablast

Show last tab

:tabm n(position)

Rearrange tabs

:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g

Execute a command in all tabs

:tab ball

Puts all open files in tabs

:new abc.txt

Edit abc.txt in new window

Window spliting

:e filename

Edit filename in current window

:split filename

Split the window and open filename

ctrl-w up arrow

Puts cursor in top window

ctrl-w ctrl-w

Puts cursor in next window

ctrl-w_

Maximize current window vertically

ctrl-w|

Maximize current window horizontally

ctrl-w=

Gives the same size to all windows

10 ctrl-w+

Add 10 lines to current window

:vsplit file

Split window vertically

:sview file

Same as :split in readonly mode

:hide

Close current window

:nly

Close all windows, excepted current

:b 2

Open #2 in this window

Auto-completion

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode)

Complete word

Ctrl+x Ctrl+l

Complete line

:set dictionary=dict

Define dict as a dictionnary

Ctrl+x Ctrl+k

Complete with dictionnary

Marks

m {a-z}

Marks current position as {a-z}

' {a-z}

Move to position {a-z}

Move to previous position

Abbreviations

:ab mail mail@provider.org

Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org

Text indent

:set autoindent

Turn on auto-indent

:set smartindent

Turn on intelligent auto-indent

:set shiftwidth=4

Defines 4 spaces as indent size

ctrl-t, ctrl-d

Indent/un-indent in insert mode

Indent

Un-indent

Indent the code between parenthesis

1GVG=

Indent the whole file

Syntax highlighting

:syntax on

Turn on syntax highlighting

:syntax off

Turn off syntax highlighting

:set syntax=perl

Force syntax highlighting