VirtualService资源详解

Wesley13
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VirtualService资源详解

学习目标

VirtualService资源详解

什么是virtualService

VirtualService中文名称虚拟服务，是istio中一个重要的资源， 它定义了一系列针对指定服务的流量路由规则。每个路由规则都针对特定协议的匹配规则。如果流量符合这些特征，就会根据规则发送到服务注册表中的目标服务（或者目标服务的子集或版本）。

vs和k8s service的区别

如果没有 Istio virtual service，仅仅使用 k8s service 的话，那么只能实现最基本的流量负载均衡转发，但是就不能实现类似按百分比来分配流量等更加复杂、丰富、细粒度的流量控制了。

备注：虚拟服务相当于 K8s 服务的 sidecar，在原本 K8s 服务的功能之上，提供了更加丰富的路由控制。

例子：

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: test-virtual-svc
spec:
  hosts:
  - "web-svc"
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: web-svc
        subset: nginx
      weight: 25
    - destination:
        host: web-svc
        subset: tomcat
      weight: 75

配置详解

exportTo

1只在当前名称空间有效

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-dot.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - .
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

2所有名称空间有效

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-star.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

3特定名称空间有效

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-istio-system.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
 # - "default"
 # - "istio"
  - "istio-system"
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

gateways

Gateway 名称列表，Sidecar 会据此使用路由。VirtualService 对象可以用于网格中的 Sidecar，也可以用于一个或多个 Gateway。这里公开的选择条件可以在协议相关的路由过滤条件中进行覆盖。保留字 mesh 用来指代网格中的所有 Sidecar。当这一字段被省略时，就会使用缺省值（mesh），也就是针对网格中的所有 Sidecar 生效。如果提供了 gateways 字段，这一规则就只会应用到声明的 Gateway 之中。要让规则同时对 Gateway 和网格内服务生效，需要显式的将 mesh 加入 gateways 列表。

1单个gateway

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-gw-single.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

2多个gateway

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-multi-gw.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  - bookinfo-gateway-02
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

3不同名称空间下的gateway

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-gw-namespace.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - default/bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

4省略gateways默认为mesh

virtaulservice/vs-review-v2.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2

5gateways为mesh

virtaulservice/vs-review-mesh.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  gateways:
  - mesh
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3

hosts

必要字段：流量的目标主机。可以是带有通配符前缀的 DNS 名称，也可以是 IP 地址。根据所在平台情况，还可能使用短名称来代替 FQDN。这种场景下，短名称到 FQDN 的具体转换过程是要靠下层平台完成的。**一个主机名只能在一个 VirtualService 中定义。**同一个 VirtualService 中可以用于控制多个 HTTP 和 TCP 端口的流量属性。 Kubernetes 用户注意：当使用服务的短名称时（例如使用 reviews，而不是 reviews.default.svc.cluster.local），Istio 会根据规则所在的命名空间来处理这一名称，而非服务所在的命名空间。假设 “default” 命名空间的一条规则中包含了一个 reviews 的 host引用，就会被视为 reviews.default.svc.cluster.local，而不会考虑 reviews 服务所在的命名空间。为了避免可能的错误配置，建议使用 FQDN 来进行服务引用。 hosts 字段对 HTTP 和 TCP 服务都是有效的。网格中的服务也就是在服务注册表中注册的服务，必须使用他们的注册名进行引用；只有 Gateway 定义的服务才可以使用 IP 地址。

ip

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-hosts-ip.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "192.168.198.155"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

多个hosts

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-hosts-multi.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "bookinfo.com"
  - "bookinfo.demo"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

匹配所有域名

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-hosts-star.yaml

kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

短fqdn

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-hosts-fqdn-short.yaml

在default名称空间创建vs

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "bookinfo"
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

同时要创建一个同名service

[root@master01 virtaulservice]# cat bookinfo-svc.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
  labels:
    app: productpage
    service: productpage
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: productpage

长fqdn

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-hosts-fqdn-long.yaml

在default名称空间创建vs

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "bookinfo.default.svc.cluster.local"
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

同时在default名称空间创建bookinfo svc

virtaulservice/bookinfo-svc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
  labels:
    app: productpage
    service: productpage
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: productpage

http

HTTP 流量规则的有序列表。这个列表对名称前缀为 http-、http2-、grpc- 的服务端口，或者协议为 HTTP、HTTP2、GRPC 以及终结的 TLS，另外还有使用 HTTP、HTTP2 以及 GRPC 协议的 ServiceEntry 都是有效的。进入流量会使用匹配到的第一条规则。

corsPolicy

cors介绍 https://blog.csdn.net/java\_green\_hand0909/article/details/78740765

配置httpd服务
[root@master01 html]# cat index.html 
<html>
<head><title></title></head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>  
<script>
$(function(){
        $("#cors").click(
                function(){
                        $.ajax({
                                type:"get",
                                dataType : "html",
                                url:"http://bookinfo.demo:27941/productpage",
                                success:function(data){
                                        alert(data);
                                }
                        })
                });

        $("#cors2").click(
                function(){
                        $.ajax({
                                type:"get",
                                dataType : "json",
                                url:"http://bookinfo.demo:27941/reviews/1",
                                contentType : 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
                                success:function(data){
                                        var jsonStr = JSON.stringify(data);
                                        alert(jsonStr);
                                }
                        })
                });
          $("#cors3").click(
                function(){
                        $.ajax({
                                type:"delete",
                                contentType : 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
                                dataType : "json",
                                url:"http://bookinfo.demo:27941/reviews/1",
                                success:function(data){
                                        var jsonStr = JSON.stringify(data);
                                        alert(jsonStr);
                                }
                        })
                });
           $("#cors4").click(
                function(){
                        $.ajax({
                                type:"get",
                                contentType : 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
                                dataType : "json",
                                headers:{"X-Custom-Header":"value"},
                                url:"http://bookinfo.demo:27941/reviews/1",
                                success:function(data){
                                        var jsonStr = JSON.stringify(data);
                                        alert(jsonStr);
                                }
                        })
                });
         
});

</script>
<input type="button" id="cors" value="简单请求"/>
<input type="button" id="cors2" value="非简单请求"/>
<input type="button" id="cors3" value="非简单请求delete"/>
<input type="button" id="cors4" value="非简单请求headers"/>
</body>
</html>

注意替换端口 url:“http://bookinfo.demo:27941/productpage”,

启动nginx

systemctl start httpd

简单请求，配置cors

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-productpage-cors.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - exact: "http://mytest.com:8081"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
访问：

http://mytest.com:8081/

简单请求allowCredentials

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-productpage-cors-allowCredentials.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    corsPolicy:
      allowCredentials: true
      allowOrigins:
      - exact: "http://mytest.com:8081"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
简单请求allowOrigins prefix

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-productpage-cors-allowOrigins-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - prefix: "http://mytest"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
简单请求allowOrigins regex

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-productpage-cors-allowOrigins-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - regex: ".*"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
简单请求exposeHeaders

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-productpage-cors-exposeHeaders.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - exact: "http://mytest.com:8081"
      exposeHeaders: 
      - test
      - test2
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
非简单请求

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-reviews-cors.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookreviews
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /reviews
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - exact: "http://mytest.com:8081"
      allowMethods:
      - GET
      - OPTIONS
      maxAge: "1m"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        port:
          number: 9080
非简单请求allowMethods

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-reviews-cors-allowMethods.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookreviews
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /reviews
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - exact: "http://mytest.com:8081"
      allowMethods:
      - POST
      - OPTIONS
      maxAge: "1m"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        port:
          number: 9080
非简单请求allowHeaders

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-reviews-cors-allowHeaders.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookreviews
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /reviews
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - exact: "http://mytest.com:8081"
      allowMethods:
      - GET
      - OPTIONS
      maxAge: "1m"
      allowHeaders:
      - X-Custom-Header
      - content-type
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        port:
          number: 9080
非简单请求maxAge

virtaulservice/corsPolicy/vs-reviews-cors-maxAge.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookreviews
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /reviews
    corsPolicy:
      allowOrigins:
      - exact: "http://mytest.com:8081"
      allowMethods:
      - GET
      - OPTIONS
      maxAge: "10s"
      #maxAge: "1m"
      #maxAge: "1h"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        port:
          number: 9080

delegate

向istiod容器设置环境变量

PILOT_ENABLE_VIRTUAL_SERVICE_DELEGATE=true

kubectl set env deploy istiod -n istio-system --list

kubectl set env deploy istiod -n istio-system PILOT_ENABLE_VIRTUAL_SERVICE_DELEGATE=true

配置文件

virtaulservice/delegate/vs-delegate.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    delegate:
      name: productpage
      namespace: istio

测试不成功，有待研究

fault

abort

virtaulservice/fault/vs-productpage-fault-abort.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
  namespace: istio
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - fault:
      abort:
        httpStatus: 500
        percentage:
          value: 100
    match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        subset: v1
delay

virtaulservice/fault/vs-productpage-fault-delay.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
  namespace: istio
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - fault:
      delay:
        percentage:
          value: 100.0
        fixedDelay: 7s
    match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        subset: v1

headers

request
add

virtaulservice/headers/vs-headers-request-add.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    headers:
      request:
        add:
          TEST_REQUEST_HEADER: XX
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
remove

virtaulservice/headers/vs-headers-request-remove.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    headers:
      request:
        remove:
        - TEST_REQUEST_HEADER
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
set

virtaulservice/headers/vs-headers-request-set.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    headers:
      request:
        set:
          TEST_REQUEST_HEADER: XX
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
response
add

virtaulservice/headers/vs-headers-response-add.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    headers:
      response:
        add:
          TEST_REQUEST_HEADER: XX
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
remove

virtaulservice/headers/vs-headers-response-remove.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    headers:
      response:
        remove:
        - x-envoy-upstream-service-time
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
set

virtaulservice/headers/vs-headers-response-set.yaml

没有就添加，有就修改

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    headers:
      response:
        set:
          content-type: "text/html"
          Test: "test"
          x-envoy-upstream-service-time: "1111111111"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

match

authority
exact

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-authority-exact.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - authority:
        exact: "bookinfo.demo:27941"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
prefix

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-authority-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - authority:
        prefix: "bookinfo"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
regex

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-authority-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - authority:
        regex: "bookinfo.de.*"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
gateways

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-gateways.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  - bookinfo-gateway-02
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
      gateways:
      - bookinfo-gateway-02
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

headers

exact

virtaulservice/match/

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - headers:
        end-user:
          exact: mark
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3
prefix

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-headers-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - headers:
        end-user:
          prefix: ma
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3
regex

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-headers-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - headers:
        end-user:
          regex: "m.*k"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3
ignoreUriCase

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-ignoreUriCase.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: "/PRODUCTPAGE"
      ignoreUriCase: true
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
method
exact

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-method-exact.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - method:
        exact: "GET"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
prefix

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-method-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - method:
        prefix: "G"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
regex

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-method-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - method:
        regex: "G.*T"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
name

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-name.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
      name: book
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
port

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-port.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - port: 80
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
queryParams
exact

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-queryParams-exact.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - queryParams:
        test:
          exact: test
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
prefix

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-queryParams-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - queryParams:
        test:
          prefix: test
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

不起作用，只要有queryParams为test就能访问

regex

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-queryParams-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - queryParams:
        test:
          regex: "\\d+$"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

test值必须是数字

scheme

访问404，放弃，有待研究

exact

vs-match-scheme-exact.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - scheme:
        exact: "http"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

prefix

vs-match-scheme-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - scheme:
        prefix: "http"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

regex

vs-match-scheme-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - scheme:
        regex: ".*"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
sourceLabels

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-sourceLabels.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - sourceLabels:
        app: productpage
        version: v1
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
sourceNamespace

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-sourceNamespace.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - sourceNamespace: istio-system
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
uri
exact

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-uri-exact.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
prefix

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-uri-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /product
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
regex

virtaulservice/match/vs-match-uri-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        regex: "/p.*e"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
withoutHeaders

测试不成功，放弃，有待研究

exact

vs-match-withoutHeaders-exact.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - withoutHeaders:
        end-user:
          exact: mark
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3
prefix

vs-match-withoutHeaders-prefix.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - withoutHeaders:
        end-user:
          prefix: ma
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3
regex

vs-match-withoutHeaders-regex.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - withoutHeaders:
        end-user:
          regex: "m.*k"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3

mirror

virtaulservice/mirror/vs-http-mirror.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
    mirror:
      host: productpage.istio-2.svc.cluster.local
      port: 
        number: 9080
    mirrorPercentage:
      value: 100

1创建namespace

kubectl create ns istio-2

2打标签

kubectl label ns istio-2 istio-injection=enabled

3部署deployment

kubectl apply -f productpage-deploy.yaml -n istio-2

4打开日志

kubectl logs -f productpage-v1-64794f5db4-ng9sn -n istio-2

5创建资源

kubectl apply -f vs-http-mirror.yaml -n istio

6访问url

http://192.168.198.154:27941/productpage

subset

1创建dr

kubectl apply -f dr-productpage.yaml -n istio-2

2创建mirror资源

kubectl apply -f vs-http-mirror-subset.yaml -n istio

3访问

http://192.168.198.154:27941/productpage

4观察日志

name

virtaulservice/vs-bookinfo-name.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    name: bookinfo
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080

redirect

virtaulservice/redirect/vs-productpage-redirect.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /mypage
    redirect:
      uri: /productpage
      authority: 192.168.198.154:27941
      redirectCode: 308
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:

访问：

http://192.168.198.154:27941/mypage

retries

  • attempts：必选字段，定义重试的次数
  • perTryTimeout：每次重试超时的时间，单位可以是ms、s、m和h
  • retryOn：进行重试的条件，可以是多个条件，以逗号分隔

其中重试条件retryOn的取值可以包括以下几种。

  • 5xx：在上游服务返回5xx应答码，或者在没有返回时重试
  • gateway-error：类似于5xx异常，只对502、503和504应答码进行重试。
  • connect-failure：在链接上游服务失败时重试 retriable-4xx：在上游服务返回可重试的4xx应答码时执行重试。
  • refused-stream：在上游服务使用REFUSED_STREAM错误码重置时执行重试。
  • cancelled：gRPC应答的Header中状态码是cancelled时执行重试。
  • deadline-exceeded：在gRPC应答的Header中状态码是deadline-exceeded时执行重试
  • internal：在gRPC应答的Header中状态码是internal时执行重试
  • resource-exhausted：在gRPC应答的Header中状态码是resource-exhausted时执行重试
  • unavailable：在gRPC应答的Header中状态码是unavailable时执行重试。

设置延迟错误：

virtaulservice/retry/vs-reviews.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3
    fault:
      delay:
        percentage:
          value: 100.0
        fixedDelay: 7s

设置重试

virtaulservice/retry/vs-bookinfo.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        subset: v1
    retries:
      attempts: 5
      perTryTimeout: 3s
      retryOn: 5xx,connect-failure

是否重试其他机子

virtaulservice/retry/vs-bookinfo-retryRemoteLocalities.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        subset: v1
    retries:
      attempts: 5
      perTryTimeout: 3s
      retryOn: 5xx,connect-failure
      retryRemoteLocalities: true

rewrite

uri

virtaulservice/rewrite/vs-http-rewrite.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        regex: "/m.*k"
    rewrite:
      uri: "/productpage"
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
authority

virtaulservice/rewrite/vs-http-rewrite-authority.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        regex: "/m.*k"
    rewrite:
      uri: "/productpage"
      authority: bookinfo.com:27941
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

route

destination
host

virtaulservice/route/vs-reviews-host.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
port

virtaulservice/route/vs-reviews-port.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        port:
          number: 9080
subset

virtaulservice/route/vs-reviews-subset.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
headers
request

add

virtaulservice/route/vs-reviews-headers-request-add.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
      headers:
        request:
          add:
            test: test

remove

virtaulservice/route/vs-reviews-headers-request-remove.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
      headers:
        request:
          remove:
          - test

set

virtaulservice/route/vs-reviews-headers-request-set.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
      headers:
        request:
          set:
            test: test
response

add

virtaulservice/route/vs-bookinfo-headers-response-add.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080
      headers:
        response:
          add:
            test: test

remove

virtaulservice/route/vs-bookinfo-headers-response-remove.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080
      headers:
        response:
          remove:
          - x-envoy-upstream-service-time

set

virtaulservice/route/vs-bookinfo-headers-response-set.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage.istio.svc.cluster.local
        port:
          number: 9080
      headers:
        response:
          set:
            content-type: "text/html"
            test: test
            x-envoy-upstream-service-time: "1111"
~
weight

virtaulservice/route/vs-reviews-weight.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
      weight: 50
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3
      weight: 50

timeout

virtaulservice/timeout/vs-http-timeout.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  exportTo:
  - '*'
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  hosts:
  - '*'
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
    timeout: 0.01s

tls

一个有序列表，对应的是透传 TLS 和 HTTPS 流量。路由过程通常利用 ClientHello 消息中的 SNI 来完成。TLS 路由通常应用在 https-、tls- 前缀的平台服务端口，或者经 Gateway 透传的 HTTPS、TLS 协议端口，以及使用 HTTPS 或者 TLS 协议的 ServiceEntry 端口上。注意：没有关联 VirtualService 的 https- 或者 tls- 端口流量会被视为透传 TCP 流量。

1创建证书

openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj ‘/O=example Inc./CN=example.com’ -keyout example.com.key -out example.com.crt

openssl req -out nginx.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout nginx.example.com.key -subj “/CN=nginx.example.com/O=some organization”

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in nginx.example.com.csr -out nginx.example.com.crt

2创建secret

kubectl create secret tls nginx-server-certs --key nginx.example.com.key --cert nginx.example.com.crt -n istio

3创建nginx配置文件

events {
}

http {
  log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]  $status '
  '"$request" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
  error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;

  server {
    listen 443 ssl;

    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html;

    server_name nginx.example.com;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx-server-certs/tls.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx-server-certs/tls.key;
  }
}

kubectl create configmap nginx-configmap --from-file=nginx.conf=./nginx.conf -nistio

4创建deploy

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-nginx
  labels:
    run: my-nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 443
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    run: my-nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: my-nginx
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        run: my-nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 443
        volumeMounts:
        - name: nginx-config
          mountPath: /etc/nginx
          readOnly: true
        - name: nginx-server-certs
          mountPath: /etc/nginx-server-certs
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: nginx-config
        configMap:
          name: nginx-configmap
      - name: nginx-server-certs
        secret:
          secretName: nginx-server-certs

5创建gateway

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 443
      name: https-443
      protocol: HTTPS
    hosts:
    - "nginx.example.com"
    tls:
      mode: PASSTHROUGH

6创建vs

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  hosts:
  - nginx.example.com
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  tls:
  - match:
    - port: 443
      sniHosts:
      - nginx.example.com
    route:
    - destination:
        host: my-nginx
        port:
          number: 443

7访问url

https://nginx.example.com:39329/

match

destinationSubnets

1.7.0/virtaulservice/tls/vs-nginx-destinationSubnets.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  hosts:
  - nginx.example.com
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  tls:
  - match:
    - port: 443
      sniHosts:
      - nginx.example.com
      destinationSubnets: 
      - 172.20.1.78/32
    route:
    - destination:
        host: my-nginx
        port:
          number: 443
gateways

1.7.0/virtaulservice/tls/vs-nginx-gateways.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  hosts:
  - nginx.example.com
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  tls:
  - match:
    - port: 443
      sniHosts:
      - nginx.example.com
      gateways:
      - bookinfo-gateway
    route:
    - destination:
        host: my-nginx
        port:
          number: 443
sourceLabels

1.7.0/virtaulservice/tls/vs-nginx-sourceLabels.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  hosts:
  - nginx.example.com
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  tls:
  - match:
    - port: 443
      sniHosts:
      - nginx.example.com
      sourceLabels:
        istio: ingressgateway
    route:
    - destination:
        host: my-nginx
        port:
          number: 443
sourceNamespace

1.7.0/virtaulservice/tls/vs-nginx-sourceNamespace.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  hosts:
  - nginx.example.com
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  tls:
  - match:
    - port: 443
      sniHosts:
      - nginx.example.com
      sourceNamespace: istio-system
    route:
    - destination:
        host: my-nginx
        port:
          number: 443

tcp

一个针对透传 TCP 流量的有序路由列表。TCP 路由对所有 HTTP 和 TLS 之外的端口生效。进入流量会使用匹配到的第一条规则。

match

port

1部署deploy

kubectl apply -f tcp-echo-services.yaml -n istio

tcp-echo-services.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
  labels:
    app: tcp-echo
spec:
  ports:
  - name: tcp
    port: 9000
  - name: tcp-other
    port: 9001
  # Port 9002 is omitted intentionally for testing the pass through filter chain.
  selector:
    app: tcp-echo
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo-v1
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tcp-echo
      version: v1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tcp-echo
        version: v1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: tcp-echo
        image: docker.io/istio/tcp-echo-server:1.2
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args: [ "9000,9001,9002", "one" ]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9000
        - containerPort: 9001
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo-v2
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tcp-echo
      version: v2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tcp-echo
        version: v2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: tcp-echo
        image: docker.io/istio/tcp-echo-server:1.2
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args: [ "9000,9001,9002", "two" ]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9000
        - containerPort: 9001

2添加service 端口

kubectl edit svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system

  - name: tcp
    port: 31400
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 31400

3 创建资源

kubectl apply -f tcp-echo-all-v1.yaml -n istio

tcp-echo-all-v1.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 31400
      name: tcp
      protocol: TCP
    hosts:
    - "*"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo-destination
spec:
  host: tcp-echo
  subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
  - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - match:
    - port: 31400
    route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v1

4访问

telnet 192.168.198.154 37048

destinationSubnets

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-destinationSubnets.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - match:
    - destinationSubnets:
      - 172.20.2.0/24
    route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v2
sourceSubnet

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-sourceSubnet.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - match:
    - sourceSubnet: 172.20.1.24
    route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v2
sourceLabels

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-sourceLabels.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - match:
    - sourceLabels:
        app: istio-ingressgateway
    route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v2
sourceNamespace

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-sourceNamespace.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - match:
    - sourceNamespace: istio-system
    route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v2
gateways

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-gateways.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - match:
    - gateways:
      - tcp-echo-gateway
    route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v2

route

destination
host

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-route-host.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
port

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-route-port.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
subset

virtaulservice/tcp/vs-route-subset.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        subset: v2
        port:
          number: 9000
weight

virtaulservice/tcp/tcp-echo-20-v2.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tcp-echo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - tcp-echo-gateway
  tcp:
  - match:
    - port: 31400
    route:
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v1
      weight: 80
    - destination:
        host: tcp-echo
        port:
          number: 9000
        subset: v2
      weight: 20

三种协议路由规则对比

VirtualService 在http、tls、tcp这三个字段上分别定义了应用于HTTP、TLS和TCP三种协议的路由规则。从规则构成上都是先定义一组匹配条件，然后对满足条件的的流量执行对应的操作。因为协议的内容不同，路由匹配条件不同，所以执行的操作也不同。如下表所示对比了三种路由规则。从各个维度来看，HTTP路由规则的内容最丰富，TCP路由规则的内容最少，这也符合协议分层的设计。

VirtualService资源详解

hosturispecgatewaycorsmatchhttp请求运维开发运维开发
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