之前做过STM32的usb HID复合设备,闲来看看linux下USB设备驱动是怎么一回事,
参考资料基于韦东山JZ2440开发板,以下,有错误欢迎指出。
1、准备知识
1.1USB相关概念:
(1)usb是主从结构,usb的传输都是主机发起;
(2)usb右四种传输类型:控制、批量、中断、实时传输。
(3)usb数据是通过端点进行通讯的,0端点既能输入也能输出,端点都是有传输方向的,
(4)USB驱动程序框架
app:
-----------------------------------------------
内核:USB设备驱动程序---知道数据含义,比如 用户自定义HID数据可以在这里解析;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USB总线驱动程序--识别,找到匹配的设备驱动,提供读写函数;
-----------------------------------------------
底层硬件相关:USB主机控制器,具体的USB类--HID、AUDIO、DFU、CDC、MSC等
1.2
2、USB总线驱动概念:
USB 设备驱动程序就是用来支持 “硬件 -- USB 设备”的。但是为了访问底层具体的“USB 设
备”,就要用到了“USB 总线驱动程序”提供的读写函数,将命令或数据发给底层“USB 主机控制
器”,由“USB 主机控制器”产生信号发送给“USB 设备”。
2.1USB总线驱动程序的作用
(1)识别USB设备;
当你插上USB设备时, 硬件上拉电阻触发,进入中断函数,通过端点0主机set 地址,获取相关的描述符,枚举。
这个过程有点复杂,可以看参考USB枚举链接。
(2)查找并安装对应的设备驱动程序;
(3)提供USB读写函数
2.2USB主机控制器
- UHC:intel 低速-全速
- OHCI:microsoft 低速、全速
- EHCI:高速
- linux内核源码(linux-2.6.22.6)
- 参考的内核代码:
/*
* $Id: usbmouse.c,v 1.15 2001/12/27 10:37:41 vojtech Exp $
*
* Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Vojtech Pavlik
*
* USB HIDBP Mouse support
*/
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*
* Should you need to contact me, the author, you can do so either by
* e-mail - mail your message to <vojtech@ucw.cz>, or by paper mail:
* Vojtech Pavlik, Simunkova 1594, Prague 8, 182 00 Czech Republic
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/usb/input.h>
#include <linux/hid.h>
/*
* Version Information
*/
#define DRIVER_VERSION "v1.6"
#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@ucw.cz>"
#define DRIVER_DESC "USB HID Boot Protocol mouse driver"
#define DRIVER_LICENSE "GPL"
MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);
MODULE_LICENSE(DRIVER_LICENSE);
struct usb_mouse {
char name[128];
char phys[64];
struct usb_device *usbdev;
struct input_dev *dev;
struct urb *irq;
signed char *data;
dma_addr_t data_dma;
};
static void usb_mouse_irq(struct urb *urb)
{
struct usb_mouse *mouse = urb->context;
signed char *data = mouse->data;
struct input_dev *dev = mouse->dev;
int status;
switch (urb->status) {
case 0: /* success */
break;
case -ECONNRESET: /* unlink */
case -ENOENT:
case -ESHUTDOWN:
return;
/* -EPIPE: should clear the halt */
default: /* error */
goto resubmit;
}
input_report_key(dev, BTN_LEFT, data[0] & 0x01);
input_report_key(dev, BTN_RIGHT, data[0] & 0x02);
input_report_key(dev, BTN_MIDDLE, data[0] & 0x04);
input_report_key(dev, BTN_SIDE, data[0] & 0x08);
input_report_key(dev, BTN_EXTRA, data[0] & 0x10);
input_report_rel(dev, REL_X, data[1]);
input_report_rel(dev, REL_Y, data[2]);
input_report_rel(dev, REL_WHEEL, data[3]);
input_sync(dev);
resubmit:
status = usb_submit_urb (urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (status)
err ("can't resubmit intr, %s-%s/input0, status %d",
mouse->usbdev->bus->bus_name,
mouse->usbdev->devpath, status);
}
static int usb_mouse_open(struct input_dev *dev)
{
struct usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev);
mouse->irq->dev = mouse->usbdev;
if (usb_submit_urb(mouse->irq, GFP_KERNEL))
return -EIO;
return 0;
}
static void usb_mouse_close(struct input_dev *dev)
{
struct usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev);
usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq);
}
static int usb_mouse_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
struct usb_device *dev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
struct usb_host_interface *interface;
struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
struct usb_mouse *mouse;
struct input_dev *input_dev;
int pipe, maxp;
int error = -ENOMEM;
interface = intf->cur_altsetting;
if (interface->desc.bNumEndpoints != 1)
return -ENODEV;
endpoint = &interface->endpoint[0].desc;
if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint))
return -ENODEV;
pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(dev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
maxp = usb_maxpacket(dev, pipe, usb_pipeout(pipe));
mouse = kzalloc(sizeof(struct usb_mouse), GFP_KERNEL);
input_dev = input_allocate_device();
if (!mouse || !input_dev)
goto fail1;
mouse->data = usb_buffer_alloc(dev, 8, GFP_ATOMIC, &mouse->data_dma);
if (!mouse->data)
goto fail1;
mouse->irq = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!mouse->irq)
goto fail2;
mouse->usbdev = dev;
mouse->dev = input_dev;
if (dev->manufacturer)
strlcpy(mouse->name, dev->manufacturer, sizeof(mouse->name));
if (dev->product) {
if (dev->manufacturer)
strlcat(mouse->name, " ", sizeof(mouse->name));
strlcat(mouse->name, dev->product, sizeof(mouse->name));
}
if (!strlen(mouse->name))
snprintf(mouse->name, sizeof(mouse->name),
"USB HIDBP Mouse %04x:%04x",
le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
usb_make_path(dev, mouse->phys, sizeof(mouse->phys));
strlcat(mouse->phys, "/input0", sizeof(mouse->phys));
input_dev->name = mouse->name;
input_dev->phys = mouse->phys;
usb_to_input_id(dev, &input_dev->id);
input_dev->dev.parent = &intf->dev;
input_dev->evbit[0] = BIT(EV_KEY) | BIT(EV_REL);
input_dev->keybit[LONG(BTN_MOUSE)] = BIT(BTN_LEFT) | BIT(BTN_RIGHT) | BIT(BTN_MIDDLE);
input_dev->relbit[0] = BIT(REL_X) | BIT(REL_Y);
input_dev->keybit[LONG(BTN_MOUSE)] |= BIT(BTN_SIDE) | BIT(BTN_EXTRA);
input_dev->relbit[0] |= BIT(REL_WHEEL);
input_set_drvdata(input_dev, mouse);
input_dev->open = usb_mouse_open;
input_dev->close = usb_mouse_close;
usb_fill_int_urb(mouse->irq, dev, pipe, mouse->data,
(maxp > 8 ? 8 : maxp),
usb_mouse_irq, mouse, endpoint->bInterval);
mouse->irq->transfer_dma = mouse->data_dma;
mouse->irq->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
error = input_register_device(mouse->dev);
if (error)
goto fail3;
usb_set_intfdata(intf, mouse);
return 0;
fail3:
usb_free_urb(mouse->irq);
fail2:
usb_buffer_free(dev, 8, mouse->data, mouse->data_dma);
fail1:
input_free_device(input_dev);
kfree(mouse);
return error;
}
static void usb_mouse_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
{
struct usb_mouse *mouse = usb_get_intfdata (intf);
usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);
if (mouse) {
usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq);
input_unregister_device(mouse->dev);
usb_free_urb(mouse->irq);
usb_buffer_free(interface_to_usbdev(intf), 8, mouse->data, mouse->data_dma);
kfree(mouse);
}
}
static struct usb_device_id usb_mouse_id_table [] = {
{ USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID, USB_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS_BOOT,
USB_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL_MOUSE) },
{ } /* Terminating entry */
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, usb_mouse_id_table);
static struct usb_driver usb_mouse_driver = {
.name = "usbmouse",
.probe = usb_mouse_probe,
.disconnect = usb_mouse_disconnect,
.id_table = usb_mouse_id_table,
};
static int __init usb_mouse_init(void)
{
int retval = usb_register(&usb_mouse_driver);
if (retval == 0)
info(DRIVER_VERSION ":" DRIVER_DESC);
return retval;
}
static void __exit usb_mouse_exit(void)
{
usb_deregister(&usb_mouse_driver);
}
module_init(usb_mouse_init);
module_exit(usb_mouse_exit);
View Code
2.3其它概念-HUB概念-USB描述符概念
3、USB设备驱动代码框架分析
以上属于平台设备“总线-设备-驱动”模型;
可以百度下--驱动程序分层分离概念
以上是总线设备驱动模型;
当接上一个 USB 设备时,就会产生一个中断(hub_irq()) ,在中断里会分配一个编
号地址(choose_address(udev) )。
再然后把这个地址告诉 USB 设备(hub_set_address() )。
接着发出各种命令获取 USB 设备的“设备描述符” (usb_get_device_descriptor
() )。
再然后注册一个 device(device_add() )。这个被注册的 device 会被放到 USB 总线
(usb_bus_type)的“设备链表”。并且会从总线(usb_bus_type)的“驱动链表”中取
出"usb_driver" - USB 设备驱动结构, 把 usb_interface 和 usb_driver 的 id_table 比
较,若能匹配就去调用“usb_driver”结构中的“.probe”函数。 --接着可以在probe函数实现自己想要的功能
4、实现一个简单的USB鼠标驱动代码分析
4.1 USB 总线驱动程序,在接入 USB 设备时,会帮我们构造一个新的 usb_dev 注册到“usb_bus_type”里去。这部分是内核做好的。
4.2 我们要做的是,构造一个 usb_driver 结构体,注册到“usb_bus_type”中去。在“usb_driver”结构体中有“id_table”表示他能支持哪些设备,
4.3 .match。当 USB 设备能匹配 id_table 中某一个设备时,就会调用我们构造的“usb_driver”结构体中的“.probe” (自已确定在 probe 中做的事情)等函数,如当 拔掉
_____USB 设备时,就会调用其中的“.disconnect”函数
5、现在要实现的是:
USB 鼠标用作按键: (相当于输入子系统)。
左键 -- L
右键 -- S
中键 -- Enter
代码框架:
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/usb/input.h>
#include <linux/hid.h>
//
static struct usb_device_id usbmouse_as_key_id_table [] = {
{ USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID, USB_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS_BOOT,
USB_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL_MOUSE) },
//{USB_DEVICE(0x1234,0x5678)},
{ } /* Terminating entry */
};
static int usbmouse_as_key_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
printk("found usbmouse!\n");
return 0;
}
static void usbmouse_as_key_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
{
printk("disconnect usbmouse!\n");
}
/* 1.分配设置usb_driver */
static struct usb_driver usbmouse_as_key_driver = {
.name = "usbmouse_as_key_",
.probe = usbmouse_as_key_probe,
.disconnect = usbmouse_as_key_disconnect,
.id_table = usbmouse_as_key_id_table,
};
static int usbmouse_as_key_init(void)
{
/* 2.注册 */
usb_register(&usbmouse_as_key_driver);
return 0;
}
static void usbmouse_as_key_exit(void)
{
usb_deregister(&usbmouse_as_key_driver);
}
module_init(usbmouse_as_key_init);
module_exit(usbmouse_as_key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
View Code
接着填充usb_driver 里面的函数,
5.1 id_table:
#define USB_INTERFACE_INFO(cl,sc,pr) \
.match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_INFO, .bInterfaceClass = (cl), \
.bInterfaceSubClass = (sc), .bInterfaceProtocol = (pr)".match_flags":表示要匹配“设备描述符”中的哪一项。“USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_INFO”: INT 是接口意思, INT_INFO 就是指接口的信息。接口的信息就在“接口描述符”里。“.bInterfaceClass”:只要“接口描述符”里的“类”是(cl)。“.bInterfaceSubClass”:子类是 (sc) 。“.bInterfaceProtocol”:协议是 (pr) 。
所以,鼠标mouse接口描述符里类是--HID类,子类--boot,协议--mouse 这个id_table能支持
5.1 usbmouse_as_key_probe函数:
static int usbmouse_as_key_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
struct usb_device *dev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
struct usb_host_interface *interface;
struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
int pipe;
interface = intf->cur_altsetting;
endpoint = &interface->endpoint[0].desc;
/* a. 分配一个input_dev */
uk_dev = input_allocate_device();
/* b. 设置 */
/* b.1 能产生哪类事件 */
set_bit(EV_KEY, uk_dev->evbit);
set_bit(EV_REP, uk_dev->evbit);
/* b.2 能产生哪些事件 */
set_bit(KEY_L, uk_dev->keybit);
set_bit(KEY_S, uk_dev->keybit);
set_bit(KEY_ENTER, uk_dev->keybit);
/* c. 注册 */
input_register_device(uk_dev);
/* d. 硬件相关操作 */
/* 数据传输3要素: 源,目的,长度 */
/* 源: USB设备的某个端点 */
pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(dev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
/* 长度: */
len = endpoint->wMaxPacketSize;
/* 目的: */
usb_buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev, len, GFP_ATOMIC, &usb_buf_phys);
/* 使用"3要素" */
/* 分配usb request block */
uk_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
/* 使用"3要素设置urb" */
usb_fill_int_urb(uk_urb, dev, pipe, usb_buf, len, usbmouse_as_key_irq, NULL, endpoint->bInterval);
uk_urb->transfer_dma = usb_buf_phys;
uk_urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
/* 使用URB */
usb_submit_urb(uk_urb, GFP_KERNEL);
return 0;
}