How I Simplified Oracle Database 12_c_ and 11_g_ Installations on Oracle Linux 6
by Ginny Henningsen; updated by Michele Casey
How to simplify the installation of Oracle Database 12_c_ or 11_g_ on Oracle Linux 6 by installing the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall or oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM package, which automatically performs a number of tasks, such as installing required software packages, resolving package dependencies, and modifying kernel parameters.
Published September 2012 (updated September 2017)
READ THIS FIRST: Important Changes Since Publication
While the content in this article is still valid, several details have changed. For example:
- For Oracle Database 12c Release 2, the preinstall RPM has a different name than the one used in the article belowpu:
- oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall
- See also this documentation: Automatically Configuring Oracle Linux with Oracle Preinstallation RPM
- The preinstall RPMs are published on Oracle Linux yum server for both Oracle Linux 6 and 7 in the Latest repositories which are configured and enabled by default in recent releases of Oracle Linux 6 and 7
Introducing the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall and oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM for Oracle Linux
Before installing Oracle Database 12_c_ or 11_g_ on a system, you need to preconfigure the operating environment since the database requires certain software packages, package versions, and tweaks to kernel parameters. (Be sure to review the appropriate Oracle Database installation guide to familiarize yourself with hardware, software, and operating system requirements.)
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Note: This article applies to Oracle Linux 6. A previous article, "How I Simplified Oracle Database Installation on Oracle Linux," covered performing a similar task on versions of Oracle Linux 5.
On Oracle Linux, I discovered that there is a remarkably easy way to address these installation prerequisites: First, depending on your database version, install either the RPM package called oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall or oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall. This RPM performs a number of preconfiguration steps, including the following:
- Automatically downloading and installing any additional software packages and specific package versions needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 12 c Release 1 (12.1) or 11_g_ Release 2 (11.2.0.3), with package dependencies resolved via
yumorup2datecapabilities. - Creating the user
oracleand the groupsoinstall(forOraInventory) anddba(forOSDBA), which are used during database installation. (For security purposes, this user has no password by default and cannot log in remotely. To enable remote login, please set a password using thepasswdtool.) - Modifying kernel parameters in
/etc/sysctl.confto change settings for shared memory, semaphores, the maximum number of file descriptors, and so on. - Setting hard and soft shell resource limits in
/etc/security/limits.conf, such as the locked-in memory address space, the number of open files, the number of processes, and core file size. - Setting
numa=offin the kernel for x86_64 machines.
Note that oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall and oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall parses the existing /etc/sysctl.conf and /etc/security/limits.conf files and updates values only as needed for database installation. Any precustomized settings not related to database installation are left as is.
The oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall and oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM packages are accessible through the Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN, which requires a support contract), from the Oracle Linux distribution media, or from the Oracle public yum repository. Thus, whether or not your system is registered with ULN to access Oracle patches and support, you can use oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall and oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall to simplify database installation on Oracle Linux. In addition, the Oracle public yum repository now includes all security and bug errata, ensuring systems are secured and stable with the latest security updates and bug fixes.
Installing the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall or oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM
The remainder of this article steps through the procedure that I used for installing oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall on Oracle Linux via the Oracle public yum repository. The same steps outlined in the following section can be used for either version of the preinstall RPM package. I started with a system running Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 4 for x86_64, a 64-bit version of Oracle Linux that I downloaded from the Oracle software delivery cloud (requires registration or login). First, I set up a yum configuration file that pointed to the correct repository, and then I installed the oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM from that repository.
Here are the steps for preconfiguring a system for Oracle Database installation using oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall. Remember, the steps are the same when using the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall package; you simply need to change the name of the RPM package during the yum installation step.
As an authorized user (for example,
root), retrieve the file that configures repository locations:# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
Using a text editor, modify the file, changing the field
enabled=0toenabled=1to reflect repositories that correspond to the machine's operating system release.Here is an excerpt of
public-yum-old6.repowith the changed lines in boldface.[ol6_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
[ol6_UEK_latest]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
Because the target system is running Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 4 for x86_64, which installs the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel by default, there are two repositories to enable,
[ol6_latest]and[ol6_UEK_latest].Next, install the
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstallRPM using theyum installcommand. If you are using Oracle Database 12_c_, then you would typeyum install.The output in Listing 1 shows how the installation checks dependencies and then downloads and installs the required packages.
# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin, security
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-6.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed
---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.6-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64
---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-16.el6 will be installed
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64
---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek will be installed
---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
x86\_64 1.0-6.el6 ol6\_latest 15 kInstalling for dependencies:
cloog-ppl x86_64 0.15.7-1.2.el6 ol6_latest 93 k
compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-1 ol6_latest 17 k
compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6 ol6_latest 183 k
cpp x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6 ol6_latest 3.7 M
gcc x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6 ol6_latest 10 M
gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6 ol6_latest 4.7 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 ol6_latest 970 k
glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 ol6_latest 600 k
kernel-uek-headers x86_64 2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek ol6_latest 713 k
ksh x86_64 20100621-16.el6 ol6_latest 684 k
libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 ol6_latest 13 k
libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6 ol6_latest 1.5 M
mpfr x86_64 2.4.1-6.el6 ol6_latest 156 k
ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 ol6_latest 1.3 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 15 Package(s)
Total download size: 25 M
Installed size: 61 M
Is this ok [y/N]: Downloading Packages:
Total 710 kB/s | 25 MB 00:35
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 1/15
Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 2/15
Installing : cpp-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 3/15
Installing : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 4/15
Installing : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 5/15
Installing : kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek.x86_64 6/15
Installing : glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64 7/15
Installing : glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64 8/15
Installing : gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 9/15
Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 10/15
Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 11/15
Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 12/15
Installing : ksh-20100621-16.el6.x86_64 13/15
Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 14/15
Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 15/15
Verifying : gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 1/15
Verifying : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 2/15
Verifying : ksh-20100621-16.el6.x86_64 3/15
Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64 4/15
Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 5/15
Verifying : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 6/15
Verifying : gcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 7/15
Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64 8/15
Verifying : libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 9/15
Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 10/15
Verifying : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 11/15
Verifying : kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek.x86_64 12/15
Verifying : cpp-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 13/15
Verifying : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 14/15
Verifying : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 15/15
Installed:
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-6.el6
Dependency Installed:
cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6
compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1
compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6
cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6
gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6
glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4
glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4
kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek
ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-16.el6
libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6
mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6
ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6
Complete!
Listing 1: Installing the
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstallRPMThe yum installation logs messages about kernel changes in the file
/var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/orakernel.log, and it makes backups of current system settings in the directory/var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup.At this point, the system is ready for the installation of Oracle Database. For example, to install Oracle Database 11_g_ Release 2, follow the directions in Chapter 4, "Installing Oracle Database," of the Database Installation Guide for Linux."
Here are the steps I followed while installing Oracle Database 11_g_ Release 2 in my test environment. Make sure you review all documentation and follow recommended best practices before installing into your production environment.
As
root, create a parent directory in a file system that has sufficient space to be the target location for the downloaded files:# mkdir /home/OraDB11g
cd /home/OraDB11g
The amount of disk space needed in the file system varies according to the specific installation type, but roughly twice the size of the zip archives, or 5 GB, is enough to house the software and data files.
Into this target directory, download the installation media files from the Oracle Database Software Downloads page on Oracle Technology Network.
Extract the files:
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
Log in as the user
oracle. Change directory to thedatabasedirectory and enter the following command to run the Oracle Universal Installer:$ cd /home/OraDB11g/database
$ ./runInstaller
The Oracle Universal Installer performs a number of checks, verifying that the necessary OS packages and versions are installed. In addition, it checks kernel parameters set by the
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstallinstallation. During the kernel settings check, the installer might flag a few settings as "failed," and you should investigate these failures. In some cases, you still might be able to continue with the database installation. If you check kernel settings in/etc/sysctl.conf, you'll see thatoracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstallhas modified and added the necessary settings to ensure the minimum requirements are met, as defined in section 2.10.1, "Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values," in Chapter 2, "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements," of the Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release2 (11.2) for Linux. Below is the list of requirements:fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
If necessary, you can (as
root) edit the file/etc/sysctl.confto specify a setting manually, for example:# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
/sbin/sysctl -p
The Oracle Universal Installer performs additional checks, such as verifying the
glibcversion, sufficient disk space, environmental variable and path settings, and sufficient physical memory and swap space. Generally, installingoracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstalltakes care of the prerequisites so that you can proceed directly with installing the database.
Final Thoughts
Installing the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall and oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPMs can save time when installing Oracle Database 12_c_ and 11_g_ on Oracle Linux. These RPMs address most Oracle Database installation prerequisites and greatly simplify the installation process.
See Also
Here are the resources referenced earlier in this document:
- Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network: https://linux.oracle.com
- Oracle Linux yum server: http://yum.oracle.com/
- Oracle software delivery cloud (requires registration or login): https://edelivery.oracle.com/linux
- Chapter 4, "Installing Oracle Database," of the Database Installation Guide for Linux: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/inst_task.htm#BABBBHJH
- Oracle Database Software Downloads page on Oracle Technology Network: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
And here are some additional resources from the Oracle Database Documentation Library (http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage). Relevant subsections from the _Oracle Database Installation Guide 11_g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux (http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/toc.htm) with currently valid URLs are as follows:
- "About the Oracle RDBMS Pre-Install and Oracle Validated RPMs" from Chapter 1, "Overview of Oracle Database Installation": http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/install_overview.htm#BABDBHCJ
- Chapter 2, "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements": http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/pre_install.htm#BABFDGHJ
- "Downloading Oracle Software" from Chapter 4, "Installing Oracle Database," which describes how to download installation files from the Oracle Technology Network Website: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/inst_task.htm#autoId6
Also see the blog entry "Oracle RDBMS Server 11_g_R2 Pre-Install RPM for Oracle Linux 6 has been released": https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/entry/oracle_rdbms_server_11gr2_pre
About the Authors
Ginny Henningsen has worked for the last 15 years as a freelance writer developing technical collateral and documentation for high-tech companies. Prior to that, Ginny worked for Sun Microsystems, Inc. as a Systems Engineer in King of Prussia, PA and Milwaukee, WI. Ginny has a BA from Carnegie-Mellon University and a MSCS from Villanova University.
Michele Casey is the Director of Product Management for Oracle Linux. She has worked with commercial Linux distributions and open source projects as a product manager since 2006. She has also held positions as a system administrator, project manager, and technical support engineer.
Revision 1.1, 07/09/2013; added information about using theoracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall package to install
Oracle Database 12_c_
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