我们先理简单梳理一个关系
关系梳理
- spring ioc 是spring的核心,用来管理spring bean的生命周期
- MVC 是一种使用 MVC(Model View Controller 模型-视图-控制器)设计创建 Web 应用程序的模式
- spring mvc 是spring的一个独立的模块,就像AOP一样
在spring mvc中把web框架和spring ioc融合在一起,是通过ContextLoaderListener监听servlet上下文的创建后来加载父容器完成的,然后通过配置一个servlet对象DispatcherServlet,在初始化DispatcherServlet时来加载具体子容器,详细的可以参考spring ioc & web宿主 这篇文章
关于我们今天要讲的RequestMappingHandlerMapping也是在DispatcherServlet的初始化过程中自动加载的,默认会自动加载所有实现HandlerMapping接口的bean,且我们可以通过serOrder来设置优先级,系统默认会加载RequestMappingHandlerMapping、BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping、SimpleUrlHandlerMapping 并且按照顺序使用
1private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) { 2 this.handlerMappings = null; 3 if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) { 4 // Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts. 5 Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans = 6 BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false); 7 if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) { 8 this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values()); 9 // We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.10 AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);11 }12 }13}
RequestMappingHandlerMapping 加载过程
RequestMappingHandlerMapping 实现了接口InitializingBean,在bean加载完成后会自动调用afterPropertiesSet方法,在此方法中调用了initHandlerMethods()来实现初始化
遍历所有bean,如果bean实现带有注解@Controller或者@RequestMapping 则进一步调用detectHandlerMethods处理,处理逻辑大致就是根据@RequestMapping配置的信息,构建RequestMappingInfo,然后注册到MappingRegistry中
1protected void initHandlerMethods() { 2 String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts ? 3 BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(obtainApplicationContext(), Object.class) : 4 obtainApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class)); 5 for (String beanName : beanNames) { 6 if (!beanName.startsWith(SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX)) { 7 Class<?> beanType = null; 8 beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName); 9 if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) {10 detectHandlerMethods(beanName);11 }12 }13 }14 handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());15 }
1protected void detectHandlerMethods(final Object handler) { 2 Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ? 3 obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass()); 4 if (handlerType != null) { 5 final Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType); 6 Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType, 7 (MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> { 8 try { 9 return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);10 }11 catch (Throwable ex) {12 throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid mapping on handler class [" +13 userType.getName() + "]: " + method, ex);14 }15 });16 methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {17 Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);18 registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);19 });20 }21 }
RequestMappingHandlerMapping 解析过程
在DispatcherServlet中,根据请求对象调用getHander方法获取HandlerExecutionChain对象
在getHander方法中也是遍历上面默认加载的三个HandlerMapping,当然第一个就是RequestMappingHandlerMapping对象,调用其getHandler方法,根据请求path,找到一个最为匹配的HandlerMethod来处理请求
1protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { 2 if (this.handlerMappings != null) { 3 for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) { 4 if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { 5 logger.trace( 6 "Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'"); 7 } 8 HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request); 9 if (handler != null) {10 return handler;11 }12 }13 }14 return null;15 }
根据请求路径获取HandlerInterceptor,然后和上面获得的HandlerMethod一起构成HandlerExecutionChain返回给DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet得到HandlerExecutionChain也就获得了处理此次请求所需的Handler【即我们熟悉的Controller和对应的Action】,后续将会选择合适HandlerAdapter来执行对应的Handler,获取返回值,再根据返回值类型,进一步觉决定用什么方式展示给用户,下一遍将开启HandlerAdapter的讲解…….
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