Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:
依赖APP:
django.contrib.auth
django.contrib.contenttypes
django.contrib.messages
django.contrib.sessions
模板的context_processors:
django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages
中间件:
django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware
django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
Django Admin内部依赖
一. 配置路由
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urlpatterns
=
[
url(r
'^admin/'
, admin.site.urls),
]
当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:
/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/
/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/
二. 定制Admin
在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:
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admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:
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方式一:
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
,)
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin)
# 第一个参数可以是列表
方式二:
@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
# 第一个参数可以是列表
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
,)
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如
1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
,
'xxxxx'
)
def
xxxxx(
self
, obj):
return
"xxxxx"
2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
,
'xxxxx'
)
list_display_links
=
(
'pwd'
,)
3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。
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from
django.utils.translation
import
ugettext_lazy as _
@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
)
class
Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
title
=
_(
'decade born'
)
parameter_name
=
'xxxxxx'
def
lookups(
self
, request, model_admin):
"""
显示筛选选项
:param request:
:param model_admin:
:return:
"""
return
models.UserGroup.objects.values_list(
'id'
,
'title'
)
def
queryset(
self
, request, queryset):
"""
点击查询时,进行筛选
:param request:
:param queryset:
:return:
"""
v
=
self
.value()
return
queryset.
filter
(ug
=
v)
list_filter
=
(
'user'
,Ugg,)
4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related
5. 分页相关
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# 分页,每页显示条数
list_per_page
=
100
# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)
list_max_show_all
=
200
# 分页插件
paginator
=
Paginator
6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
,
'ug'
,)
list_editable
=
(
'ug'
,)
7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
search_fields
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
)
8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
date_hierarchy
=
'ctime'
9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件
10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”
11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑
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save_as_continue
=
True
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。
New
in
Django
1.10
.
12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮
13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
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class
UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline):
# TabularInline
extra
=
0
model
=
models.UserInfo
class
GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'id'
,
'title'
,)
inlines
=
[UserInfoInline, ]
14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# 定制Action行为具体方法
def
func(
self
, request, queryset):
print
(
self
, request, queryset)
print
(request.POST.getlist(
'_selected_action'
))
func.short_description
=
"中文显示自定义Actions"
actions
=
[func, ]
# Action选项都是在页面上方显示
actions_on_top
=
True
# Action选项都是在页面下方显示
actions_on_bottom
=
False
# 是否显示选择个数
actions_selection_counter
=
True
15. 定制HTML模板
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add_form_template
=
None
change_form_template
=
None
change_list_template
=
None
delete_confirmation_template
=
None
delete_selected_confirmation_template
=
None
object_history_template
=
None
16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
raw_id_fields
=
(
'FK字段'
,
'M2M字段'
,)
17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields
=
(
'user'
,)
18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
exclude
=
(
'user'
,)
19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
readonly_fields
=
(
'user'
,)
20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets
=
(
(
'基本数据'
, {
'fields'
: (
'user'
,
'pwd'
,
'ctime'
,)
}),
(
'其他'
, {
'classes'
: (
'collapse'
,
'wide'
,
'extrapretty'
),
# 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'
'fields'
: (
'user'
,
'pwd'
),
}),
)
21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
filter_vertical
=
(
"m2m字段"
,)
# 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)
22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
ordering
=
(
'-id'
,)
或
def
get_ordering(
self
, request):
return
[
'-id'
, ]
23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
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view_on_site
=
False
或
def
view_on_site(
self
, obj):
return
'https://www.baidu.com'
24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
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radio_fields
=
{
"ug"
: admin.VERTICAL}
# 或admin.HORIZONTAL
25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)
# show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all)
search_fields
=
(
'user'
,)
26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件
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from
django.forms
import
widgets
from
django.utils.html
import
format_html
class
MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):
def
__init__(
self
, attrs
=
None
):
# Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box
default_attrs
=
{
'cols'
:
'40'
,
'rows'
:
'10'
}
if
attrs:
default_attrs.update(attrs)
super
(MyTextarea,
self
).__init__(default_attrs)
def
render(
self
, name, value, attrs
=
None
):
if
value
is
None
:
value
=
''
final_attrs
=
self
.build_attrs(attrs, name
=
name)
return
format_html(
'<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>'
,final_attrs, value)
@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
formfield_overrides
=
{
models.models.CharField: {
'widget'
: MyTextarea},
}
27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
prepopulated_fields
=
{
"email"
: (
"user"
,
"pwd"
,)}
PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充
28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
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from
app01
import
models
from
django.forms
import
ModelForm
from
django.forms
import
fields
class
MyForm(ModelForm):
others
=
fields.CharField()
class
Meta:
model
=
models
=
models.UserInfo
fields
=
"__all__"
@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form
=
MyForm
29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
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@admin
.register(models.UserInfo)
class
UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
empty_value_display
=
"列数据为空时,默认显示"
list_display
=
(
'user'
,
'pwd'
,
'up'
)
def
up(
self
,obj):
return
obj.user
up.empty_value_display
=
"指定列数据为空时,默认显示"