本文介绍，在CentOS 7下安装Apache HTTP Server。这里我们使用源码方式，进行安装
目标：将Apache httpd 2.4.16安装到CentOS 7主机的 /http-server 目录下
首先访问Apache HTTP Server官网，下载Apache httpd 2.4.16源码文件
我们将安装包存放在
/package-data-temp目录下
或者使用wget进行下载
# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.16.tar.gz
解压下载下来的包
[root@bogon package-data-temp]# ls -a
. .. httpd-2.4.16.tar.gz
[root@bogon package-data-temp]# tar -xvf httpd-2.4.16.tar.gz
为了将Apache htpp server安装到 /http-server目录下，先到根目录下建立此目录
[root@bogon /]# mkdir http-server
[root@bogon /]# ls -a
. boot home lib64 opt root srv usr
.. dev http-server media package-data-temp run sys var
bin etc lib mnt proc sbin tmp
进入刚刚解压好的
# cd httpd-2.4.16/
检测安装环境
# ./configure --prefix=/http-server
下面是./configure 检测环境的输出提示
# ./configure --prefix=/http-server
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
根据提示的最后一句，可知Apache APR没有安装，查找官方手册后，得知，需要APR，并将apr和apr-util解压到httpd_source_tree_root/srclib,并且不能有版本号，httpd_source_tree_root指的是http server安装文件的源目录。
下面，我们直接进入
[root@bogon httpd-2.4.16]# cd srclib/
[root@bogon srclib]# pwd
/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16/srclib
[root@bogon srclib]# ls -a
. .. Makefile.in
将下载下来的，或者使用wget下载文件到此目录下
# ls -a
. .. apr-1.5.2.tar.gz apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz Makefile.in
解压文件
# ls -a
. .. apr-1.5.2 apr-1.5.2.tar.gz apr-util-1.5.4 apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz Makefile.in
如果此时再次运行
# ./configure --prefix=/http-server
依然会输出
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
的提示，我们前面说过了，apr和apr-util不能有版本号，所以我们需要修改文件夹名称，去掉版本号
# mv apr-1.5.2 apr
# mv apr-util-1.5.4 apr-util
再次运行
# ./configure --prefix=/http-server
又有新的警告提示了
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.5.2
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16/srclib/apr':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr
[root@bogon httpd-2.4.16]#
从提示可以看出，缺少C编译器。好吧，我们现在就安装C编译器
使用下面命令安装gcc
# yum install gcc
下面是安装详情
已安装:
gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7
作为依赖被安装:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7
kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.7.2.el7 libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7
完毕！
再次检查环境
# ./configure --prefix=/http-server
什么还是通不过？还有警告
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
从提示，可以看出需要安装prce，并且给出了网址，那我们就去PCRE官网去看看，在PCRE下载目录，可以看到各个版本和格式的文件，到底下载那个呢？这里我们下载pcre-8.36.tar.gz，为什么不下载 因为提示上面，没有说pcre2 xxx， 事实也证明当前版本没有支持到pcre2.
那就继续下载，解压，安装
在这里对PCRE采用默认路径安装
[root@bogon pcre-8.36]# ./configure
在对pcre-8.36安装环境进行测试的时候，发现需要
...
....
......
checking for sys/stat.h... (cached) yes
checking dirent.h usability... yes
checking dirent.h presence... yes
checking for dirent.h... yes
checking windows.h usability... no
checking windows.h presence... no
checking for windows.h... no
configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support.
需要使用如下命令解决
[root@bogon pcre-8.36]# yum install gcc-c++
已安装:
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7
作为依赖被安装:
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7
完毕！
再次检测pcre安装环境
[root@bogon pcre-8.36]# ./configure
pcre-8.36 configuration summary:
Install prefix .................. : /usr/local
C preprocessor .................. : gcc -E
C compiler ...................... : gcc
C++ preprocessor ................ : g++ -E
C++ compiler .................... : g++
Linker .......................... : /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64
C preprocessor flags ............ :
C compiler flags ................ : -g -O2 -fvisibility=hidden
C++ compiler flags .............. : -O2 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden
Linker flags .................... :
Extra libraries ................. :
Build 8 bit pcre library ........ : yes
Build 16 bit pcre library ....... : no
Build 32 bit pcre library ....... : no
Build C++ library ............... : yes
Enable JIT compiling support .... : no
Enable UTF-8/16/32 support ...... : no
Unicode properties .............. : no
Newline char/sequence ........... : lf
\R matches only ANYCRLF ......... : no
EBCDIC coding ................... : no
EBCDIC code for NL .............. : n/a
Rebuild char tables ............. : no
Use stack recursion ............. : yes
POSIX mem threshold ............. : 10
Internal link size .............. : 2
Nested parentheses limit ........ : 250
Match limit ..................... : 10000000
Match limit recursion ........... : MATCH_LIMIT
Build shared libs ............... : yes
Build static libs ............... : yes
Use JIT in pcregrep ............. : no
Buffer size for pcregrep ........ : 20480
Link pcregrep with libz ......... : no
Link pcregrep with libbz2 ....... : no
Link pcretest with libedit ...... : no
Link pcretest with libreadline .. : no
Valgrind support ................ : no
Code coverage ................... : no
输出OK，使用make进行编译
[root@bogon pcre-8.36]# make
安装pcre
[root@bogon pcre-8.36]# make install
至此，我们解决了Apache HTTP Server安装过程中的PCRE依赖问题，即刚刚检测安装环境时的如下提示
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
再次检测Apache HTTP Server安安装环境
# ./configure --prefix=/http-server
这回检测总算OK了，可以对Apache HTTP Server 进行正式安装了
....
......
..........
config.status: creating include/ap_config_layout.h
config.status: creating support/apxs
config.status: creating support/apachectl
config.status: creating support/dbmmanage
config.status: creating support/envvars-std
config.status: creating support/log_server_status
config.status: creating support/logresolve.pl
config.status: creating support/phf_abuse_log.cgi
config.status: creating support/split-logfile
config.status: creating build/rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
编译Apache HTTP Server 源文件
[root@bogon httpd-2.4.16]# make
....
......
........
http-server/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo
make[4]: 离开目录“/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16/modules/mappers”
make[3]: 离开目录“/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16/modules/mappers”
make[2]: 离开目录“/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16/modules”
make[2]: 进入目录“/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16/support”
make[2]: 离开目录“/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16/support”
make[1]: 离开目录“/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16”
安装Apache HTTP Server
[root@bogon httpd-2.4.16]# make install
Installing configuration files
mkdir /http-server/conf
mkdir /http-server/conf/extra
mkdir /http-server/conf/original
mkdir /http-server/conf/original/extra
Installing HTML documents
mkdir /http-server/htdocs
Installing error documents
mkdir /http-server/error
Installing icons
mkdir /http-server/icons
mkdir /http-server/logs
Installing CGIs
mkdir /http-server/cgi-bin
Installing header files
Installing build system files
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /http-server/man
mkdir /http-server/man/man1
mkdir /http-server/man/man8
mkdir /http-server/manual
make[1]: 离开目录“/package-data-temp/httpd-2.4.16”
安装完成后，默认情况下，Apache HTTP Server是没有运行的
运行Apache HTTP Server
[root@bogon ~]# /http-server/bin/apachectl -k start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 220.250.64.225. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
上面的输入有额外信息，我们先不管，直接打开浏览器，在地址栏中输入
http://localhost/
对于以下的提示信息
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 220.250.64.225. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
我们可以通过VIM编辑如下
[root@bogon ~]# vi /http-server/conf/httpd.conf
大约在188行左右，将
将
#ServerName www.example.com:80
修改为
ServerName localhost:80
保存后，重启httpd服务即可。
[root@bogon ~]# /http-server/bin/apachectl -k stop
[root@bogon ~]# /http-server/bin/apachectl -k start
至此，我们用源码方式安装完了Apache HTTP Server。中间走了不少弯路，但一个基本思路是，Apache HTTP Server服务缺少什么组件，就去补充安装什么组件
